Beta-Lapachone is a natural quinone compound found in the lapacho tree bark. Studies over the past decades have demonstrated that this quinone compound possesses diverse biological activities. This book discusses the scientific findings regarding the role of beta-lapachone in treating a wide variety of human diseases in experimental models. These include cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and infectious diseases, among many others. It is hoped that this book would provide the reader an excellent example illustrating how a natural compound possesses such amazing capabilities to modulate the different aspects of cell biology to potentially impact the diverse human diseases.