Chapter 1 of book 1 presents the background of the problem, explains when and how the problem of unequal education has occurred, and what actions (e.g., programs, reforms, initiatives) have already been taken to resolve it. A discussion on the social importance of the research problem is included. The chapter includes extended information on the background of the problem, taken from more recent publications, in comparison with information given in all-in-one book (1st edition). Chapter 2 of book 1 presents the statement and background of the problem, the purpose of the study, the significance of the problem, the nature of the study, the research questions, and the theoretical framework for the investigation. Chapter 2 includes a definition of terms, assumptions, limitations, delimitations, and a summary of the chapter.