Applied Gas Dynamics
Autor Ethirajan Rathakrishnanen Limba Engleză Hardback – 26 apr 2019
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Specificații
ISBN-10: 1119500451
Pagini: 656
Dimensiuni: 183 x 260 x 39 mm
Greutate: 1.2 kg
Ediția:2nd Edition
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Chichester, United Kingdom
Public țintă
Primary market: graduate students and advanced undergraduates in Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical Engineering taking courses with the following titles: Gas Dynamics, Compressible Flows, High–Speed Aerodynamics, Applied Gas Dynamics, Experimental Aerodynamics and High–Enthalpy Flows. Secondary market: practicing engineers or researchers linked to high speed flowsCuprins
Preface xv
Author Biography xvii
About the Companion Website xix
1 Basic Facts 1
1.1 Definition of Gas Dynamics 1
1.2 Introduction 1
1.3 Compressibility 2
1.4 Supersonic Flow - What is it? 4
1.5 Speed of Sound 5
1.6 Temperature Rise 7
1.7 Mach Angle 8
1.8 Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow 11
1.9 First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Equation) 11
1.10 The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy Equation) 15
1.11 Thermal and Calorical Properties 16
1.12 The Perfect Gas 17
1.13 Wave Propagation 26
1.14 Velocity of Sound 26
1.15 Subsonic and Supersonic Flows 27
1.16 Similarity Parameters 28
1.17 Continuum Hypothesis 28
1.18 Compressible Flow Regimes 30
1.19 Summary 31
Exercise Problems 34
2 Steady One-Dimensional Flow 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Fundamental Equations 43
2.3 Discharge from a Reservoir 45
2.4 Streamtube Area-Velocity Relation 54
2.5 de Laval Nozzle 57
2.6 Supersonic Flow Generation 66
2.7 Performance of Actual Nozzles 71
2.8 Diffusers 75
2.9 Dynamic Head Measurement in Compressible Flow 88
2.10 Pressure Coefficient 95
2.11 Summary 97
Exercise Problems 99
3 Normal Shock Waves 113
3.1 Introduction 113
3.2 Equations of Motion for a Normal Shock Wave 113
3.3 The Normal Shock Relations for a Perfect Gas 115
3.4 Change of Stagnation or Total Pressure Across a Shock 118
3.5 Hugoniot Equation 121
3.6 The Propagating Shock Wave 123
3.7 Reflected Shock Wave 133
3.8 Centered Expansion Wave 138
3.9 Shock Tube 139
3.10 Summary 145
Exercise Problems 148
4 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves 155
4.1 Introduction 155
4.2 Oblique Shock Relations 156
4.3 Relation Between ;; and ;; 158
4.4 Shock Polar 160
4.5 Supersonic Flow Over a Wedge 162
4.6 Weak Oblique Shocks 165
4.7 Supersonic Compression 167
4.8 Supersonic Expansion by Turning 169
4.9 The Prandtl-Meyer Expansion 170
4.10 Simple and Nonsimple Regions 178
4.11 Reflection and Intersection of Shocks and Expansion Waves 178
4.12 Detached Shocks 189
4.13 Mach Reflection 191
4.14 Shock-Expansion Theory 197
4.15 Thin Airfoil Theory 202
4.16 Summary 210
Exercise Problems 212
5 Compressible Flow Equations 221
5.1 Introduction 221
5.2 Crocco's Theorem 221
5.3 General Potential Equation for Three-Dimensional Flow 225
5.4 Linearization of the Potential Equation 226
5.5 Potential Equation for Bodies of Revolution 229
5.6 Boundary Conditions 231
5.7 Pressure Coefficient 233
5.8 Summary 234
Exercise Problems 237
6 Similarity Rule 239
6.1 Introduction 239
6.2 Two-Dimensional Flow: The Prandtl-Glauert Rule for Subsonic Flow 239
6.3 Prandtl-Glauert Rule for Supersonic Flow: Versions I and II 245
6.4 The von Karman Rule for Transonic Flow 248
6.5 Hypersonic Similarity 250
6.6 Three-Dimensional Flow: Gothert's Rule 252
6.7 Critical Mach Number 261
6.8 Summary 266
Exercise Problems 269
7 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flows 271
7.1 Introduction 271
7.2 General Linear Solution for Supersonic Flow 271
7.3 Flow over a Wave-Shaped Wall 276
7.4 Summary 280
Exercise Problems 280
8 Flow with Friction and Heat Transfer 283
8.1 Introduction 283
8.2 Flow in Constant Area Duct with Friction 283
8.3 Adiabatic, Constant-Area Flow of a Perfect Gas 285
8.4 Flow with Heating or Cooling in Ducts 294
8.5 Summary 300
Exercise Problems 303
9 Method of Characteristics 309
9.1 Introduction 309
9.2 The Concepts of Characteristics 309
9.3 The Compatibility Relation 310
9.4 The Numerical Computational Method 312
9.5 Theorems for Two-Dimensional Flow 318
9.6 Numerical Computation with Weak Finite Waves 320
9.7 Design of Supersonic Nozzle 323
9.8 Summary 328
10 Measurements in Compressible Flow 329
10.1 Introduction 329
10.2 Pressure Measurements 329
10.3 Temperature Measurements 335
10.4 Velocity and Direction 338
10.5 Density Problems 339
10.6 Compressible Flow Visualization 339
10.7 Interferometer 341
10.8 Schlieren System 344
10.9 Shadowgraph 352
10.10 Wind Tunnels 354
10.11 Hypersonic Tunnels 375
10.12 Instrumentation and Calibration ofWind Tunnels 380
10.13 Calibration and Use of Hypersonic Tunnels 386
10.14 Flow Visualization 390
10.15 Summary 390
Exercise Problems 393
11 Ramjet 395
11.1 Introduction 395
11.2 The Ideal Ramjet 396
11.3 Aerodynamic Losses 401
11.4 Aerothermodynamics of Engine Components 404
11.5 Flow Through Inlets 405
11.6 Performance of Actual Intakes 410
11.7 Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction 418
11.8 Oblique Shock Wave Incident on Flat Plate 419
11.9 Normal Shocks in Ducts 420
11.10 External Supersonic Compression 422
11.11 Two-Shock Intakes 423
11.12 Multi-Shock Intakes 427
11.13 Isentropic Compression 429
11.14 Limits of External Compression 431
11.15 External Shock Attachment 433
11.16 Internal Shock Attachment 433
11.17 Pressure Loss 434
11.18 Supersonic Combustion 442
11.19 Summary 444
Exercise Problems 447
12 Jets 451
12.1 Introduction 451
12.2 Mathematical Treatment of Jet Profiles 454
12.3 Theory of Turbulent Jets 455
12.4 Experimental Methods for Studying Jets and the Techniques Used for Analysis 461
12.5 Expansion Levels of Jets 464
12.6 Control of Jets 471
12.7 Noncircular Jets and Shifted Tabs 519
12.8 Summary 541
Appendix A 547
References 619
Index 625