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Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead de F. M. Kamm

Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead

Autor F. M. Kamm
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 14 dec 2023

Notăm cu interes apariția lucrării Almost Over, o analiză riguroasă publicată de Oxford University Press care extinde granițele eticii medicale dincolo de cadrul clinic tradițional. Spre deosebire de abordările care se concentrează strict pe patologie, F. M. Kamm propune o perspectivă în care procesul natural de îmbătrânire este tratat ca un factor determinant în distribuția valorilor pozitive și negative dintr-o viață. Subliniem modul în care autoarea chestionează dacă absența sensului, derivată din limitările senescenței, poate justifica rațional non-rezistența în fața morții sau chiar căutarea ei activă.

Din punct de vedere structural, volumul pendulează între dilema individuală și politicile de stat. Credem că elementul de noutate cel mai pregnant este evaluarea critică a resurselor publice actuale — chestionare și ghiduri de conversație — prin care societatea încearcă să gestioneze tranziția către finalul vieții. Kamm demonstrează că aceste instrumente nu sunt neutre, ci poartă încărcătura unor presupoziții morale profunde despre valoarea bătrâneții. Acoperă aceeași arie tematică precum The Least Worst Death de Margaret Pabst Battin, dar cu o abordare mai analitică și mai ancorată în filosofia morală abstractă, utilizând inclusiv analogii surprinzătoare cu argumentele din jurul pedepsei cu moartea pentru a clarifica limitele acțiunii statului.

Această lucrare reprezintă o evoluție firească în parcursul academic al autoarei, integrându-se organic lângă Bioethical Prescriptions și seria Morality, Mortality. Dacă în lucrările anterioare Kamm se concentra pe distincția dintre a ucide și a lăsa să moară, în Almost Over ea rafinează aceste concepte prin prisma utilității și a analizei cost-beneficiu, oferind un răspuns complex provocărilor ridicate de medicina modernă și longevitate.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780197764107
ISBN-10: 019776410X
Pagini: 344
Dimensiuni: 226 x 160 x 38 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cercetătorilor în etică, juriștilor și profesioniștilor din domeniul medical care caută o fundamentare filosofică solidă dincolo de manualele de bioetică aplicată. Cititorul va câștiga o înțelegere nuanțată a modului în care politicile publice privind sinuciderea asistată sunt influențate de viziunea noastră asupra demnității umane. Este un instrument esențial pentru a naviga complexitatea morală a dreptului de a muri într-o societate care îmbătrânește.

Despre autor

F. M. Kamm este Littauer Professor de Filosofie și Politici Publice la Kennedy School of Government și profesor de filosofie la Universitatea Harvard. Renumită pentru subtilitatea și rigoarea argumentației sale, Kamm a definit standardele moderne în etica non-consecvențialistă. Opera sa, care include titluri fundamentale precum Creation and Abortion și The Trolley Problem Mysteries, explorează intersecția dintre drepturi, datorii și statutul moral al persoanei, fiind una dintre cele mai influente voci contemporane în dezbaterile despre viață și moarte.

Descriere

In Almost Over, F. M. Kamm presents a wide-ranging philosophical discussion of the moral, legal, and medical issues related to aging, dying, and death. She begins by considering different views about whether and why death is bad for the person who dies and what these views imply about the death of humanity. She then considers whether there are conditions under which it might make sense to deliberately bring a person's death about, given the processes of aging and dying that precede it. In the opinion of some it is not only serious illness but ordinary aging that may give rise to this question and Kamm pays particular attention to the various ways in which aging could affect the distribution of "goods" and "bads" in a particular life. Specifically, she considers how the limitations and changes due to aging and the dying process affect meaning in one's life, and whether the absence of meaning affects the reasonableness of not resisting or even seeking one's death. Kamm explores these questions not only as they relate to individuals' decisions but also as they relate to public policy and state action. Recently attempts have been made to help the general public think about end-of-life issues by devising questionnaires and conversation guides; Kamm evaluates some of these resources and articulates the moral implications of the assumptions they make about aging, dying, and value. She also takes up the issue of physician-assisted suicide as a way of ending one's life, considering its moral permissibility and whether or not it ought to be legalized as a matter of public policy. In doing so, she examines arguments from discussions about capital punishment concerning state action and also methods of balancing costs and benefits (including cost effectiveness analysis). In her analysis, Kamm engages with the views of such prominent philosophers, medical doctors, and legal theorists as Shelly Kagan, Susan Wolf, Atul Gawande, Ezekiel Emanual, Neil Gorsuch, among others, shedding new light on conversations about the moral complexities and consequences of aging, dying, and death.

Recenzii

Kamm puts a recent tranche of public-facing work up for philosophical and ethical scrutiny...Chapters 3 and 4, which analyze Gawande's Being Mortal and a series of public policy documents that aim to improve end-of-life conversations and care, should be required reading for every ethicist... Kamm's close reading and rigorous analysis of the logic and tensions of Emanuel's essay ['Why I Hope to Die at 75'], including its implications for 'personal conduct and public policy' given Emanuel's stature as a public intellectual and policymaker, make Chapter 6 required reading for any philosopher or bioethicist... Chapters 6, 7, and 8...are invaluable resources for teaching, scholarship, and exploration of the topic of hastening death, going far beyond 'for/against' formulations to engage with premises and contradictions within various arguments. The extensive notes accompanying each chapter are a feast and a gift to readers.
A collection with a looser and more dialectical flavor, but with no sacrifice of the care and rigor that characterizes Kamm's other work... an attractively pluralistic account of rational decision making, at least regarding the duration of our lives...chapter 3 is especially valuable as an example of how to put serious philosophy in dialogue with thoughtful medical practice... This chapter could thus have a long life as a text to introduce philosophers to how clinicians think about death and the end of life, and vice versa... Almost Over is a worthy addition to Kamm's corpus on the ethics of killing and dying. It shows a moral philosopher wrestling with issues that are very much alive for her and in the wider world.
Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead is a glance at the indispensable perspective of philosopher F. M. Kamm about some of the most pressing issues regarding the human condition. Kamm considers an impressively wide range of issues related to aging, dying and death in their ethical, existential, practical and legal dimensions... an inspiring guide for philosophers interested in...being useful to practitioners...a rich and deep book that constantly invites us to think more and more carefully about vitally important issues for us mortal creatures.
In Almost Over, Kamm puts to work her incredibly sharp analytical skills, using them to dissect the views and arguments of others. Her surgical precision frequently exposes surprisingly serious flaws...Kamm makes a strong case that physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia are morally permissible in a range of central cases...In addition, the book provides a wealth of material to interested philosophers...Kamm often puts her finger on fascinating and underexplored issues...Almost Over should prove a valuable resource for anyone interested in end-of-life health-care policy. One of the book's key strengths is the constructive, insightful, and very hands-on criticism that it offers of some of the existing policies that aim to regulate end-of-life care in the United States...Kamm is often brilliant, and almost always brilliantly clear, in her analysis of the positions of others.
Kamm's arguments are nearly beyond reproach...[the book] provides an authoritative and exhaustive account of what precisely makes death bad... Kamm provides precise formulations of simple pro-PAS arguments.... A distinctivecontribution of the book is an extended argument for the idea that if refusal of life sustaining medical treatment is permissible then for the same reasons one should think PAS or euthanasia is permissible...Kamm is highly convincing on this point, and leaves readers in puzzlement as to why so many such as Emanuel and Gorsuch support the former but not the latter.... Readers interested in this argument or in a comprehensive view of death and aging's badness, would be served well by close attention to Kamm's arguments here.
In Almost Over, F.M. Kamm addresses issues that are literally matters of life and death, and offers an inviting entry point to her unique way of doing philosophy. She introduces and explains topics in an accessible way, while advancing debates with careful arguments. She also takes on some of our most insightful public intellectuals on these topics, and makes devastating points against their views. She excels at drawing novel conceptual distinctions and revealing previously overlooked logical possibilities; in fact, she often introduces distinctions that are so powerful that one is astonished that no one had thought of them before. Almost Over is a must read for scholars and students in bioethics, and for anyone interested in death, euthanasia, or assisted suicide.
For many years, Kamm has written with great insight about death and related issues such as euthanasia and assisted suicide. She is justly renowned among philosophers for the originality of her ideas and the subtlety and intricacy of her arguments. The essays in Almost Over, while retaining the rigor of her earlier work, engage with the thinking of more popular writers and explore issues of policy as well as philosophical theory. Her thoughts in this book are humane, profound, and wise. They are the mature reflections on the meaning and value of life, and on the meaning of death, of one of the greatest living moral philosophers.

Notă biografică

F. M. Kamm is Henry Rutgers University Professor of Philosophy and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Previously, Kamm has been Professor of Philosophy, Professor of Medicine (Bioethics), and Adjunct Professor of Law at New York University and also served as the Lucius Littauer Professor of Philosophy and Public Policy, Professor of Philosophy, and Law School Affiliated Faculty at Harvard University. The author of numerous articles on normative ethical theory and practical ethics, Kamm has also authored ten books including Creation and Abortion (OUP 1992), Morality, Mortality, vols. 1 and 2 (OUP 1993, 1996), Intricate Ethics (OUP 2007), Ethics for Enemies (OUP 2011), Bioethical Prescriptions (OUP 2013), The Trolley Problem Mysteries (OUP 2015), and most recently Rights and Their Limits: In Theory, Cases, and Pandemics (OUP 2022). Kamm serves on the editorial boards of Philosophy & Public Affairs, Legal Theory, and the Journal of Moral Philosophy, has received NEH,AAUW, and Guggenheim Fellowships, and been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, the Center for Ethics and the Professions at Harvard, and the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the NIH. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Kamm has delivered the Uehiro, Winchester, and Tanner Lectures and served as a consultant to the World Health Organization.