Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and is also very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology, including the channeling of protons through carbon nanotubes; the preparation and application of molecular crystal ID nanostructures; strategies on inorganic nanotube arrays; critical interpretation of nanoindentation data from biomaterials characterization; nanoindentation in dentistry; and nanorod fabrications in light emitters.