This book presents a comprehensive review of energy storage systems; oil shale extraction and applications; properties and sources of diesel fuels; and the rational use of renewable energy on Earth. Discussed in this compilation is fermentable sugar production from lignocellulois biomass in the production of renewable biofuels and other bio-products and the effects of chemical structure on oil shale pyrolysis. This book also presents a review of energy storage and redistribution associated with photovoltaic energy as well as the deep oxidative desulfurisation of diesel fuels by heteropoly acid mesoporous composite catalysts.