This book investigates current trends in chemometrics, proteomics, column technology, and element-selective detection for pharmaceutical, medical, industrial, and environmental applications. It offers recent strategies to evaluate and assess materials in air, water, soil, and landfill samples, to determine the amount of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and calculate their atmospheric lifetimes, to utilize microfluidic devices for small-volume biological analyses, and to examine the role of proteins in cellular signaling, structures, and pathways. With contributions from leading authorities, this text is an enriching guide for analytical, organic, inorganic, clinical, and physical chemists, chromatographers, biochemists, biotechnologists, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.