In manufacturing contexts, Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 are forefront names for the concepts, technologies, practices, and skills underlying smart factories and industries of the future. Industry 5.0 extends the technological pillars of Industry 4.0 by putting more emphasis on human centricity, sustainability and resilience in the engineering (architecture, design and development), deployment (strategic/technology road mapping, business/digital transformation, and operationalization), and management (operational excellence and continual improvement) of complex cyber-physical production systems. This book contributes to bridging some key research gaps that hinder a full adoption of these trends in industry. Key topics focus on how to ensure applicability of human centricity, sustainability and resilience requirements in all three aspects related to system design, transformation, and operation, namely (1) human behaviors, skills, and competencies; (2) activities and business processes; and (3) system structure (including technology and information), behavior (including planning, monitoring, and control), and outcomes (including products and services). Case studies are provided in various chapters of the book to illustrate these key topics.