Energy governance today is at a crossroads. Faced with the pressing issues of energy security, climate change, and the cost of energy, policymakers must grapple with how to achieve critical outcomes in an increasingly tumultuous world. A Theory of Global Energy Governance offers the first unitary and interdisciplinary theory of global energy governance that explains the interlinkage between domestic and global energy decision-making processes. It lays out a new path to resolve global energy geopolitical tensions grounded in a shared sense of belonging within the global energy commons. Part I explores the theoretical relationship between development and energy systems. Part II presents an understanding of energy governance as founded on a 'bond of energy belonging', contrasting with the prevailing realpolitik approach. In Part III, Sourgens reimagines the role of institutions in the global energy system to harness the benefits of deeper energy cooperation. Finally, Part IV furthers the discussion of the global energy commons by highlighting the unique position and potential of energy systems to steer the world towards a broader conception of the common good.