What role can and should humanism play in the Era of Globalization? Hilmar Kallweit critically discusses and reconstructs the sustainability of anthropological and ethical explanatory schemes which have been guiding humanism since ancient times. Using pertinent sources from the two main phases of post-classical humanism, rhetorical humanism of the early modern era, and classical humanism on the threshold of modernity, he develops implications for an awareness program, which can provide humanism with renewed validity and cultural orientation skills.