The study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture is known as archaeology. It is often considered a branch of socio-cultural anthropology. However, it also draws from biological, geological, and environmental systems through the study of the past. The archaeological record constitutes artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected to learn more about the past. It has many subdisciplines such as bioarchaeology, zooarchaeology, paleobotany, geoarchaeology, historical archaeology, underwater archaeology, prehistoric archaeology, forensic archaeology, archeoastronomy, environmental archaeology, and collections management. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches to archaeology. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.