Oenology (enology in American English) is the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which form a subfield called viticulture. "Viticulture and oenology" is a common designation for training programmes and research centres that include both the "outdoors" and "indoors" aspects of wine production. An expert in the field of oenology is known as an oenologist.