A classical option in philosophical thought is to view the human as a naturally cultural being. This can easily run the risk of turning into reductionism. Its epistemic boundary and its practical interest still need to be carefully considered, even today. Herder and Nietzsche do so in different, but nevertheless related, ways. This book brings their ideas together for the first time. They are considered in relation to each other and compared systematically with regard to their specific interweaving of anthropology and linguistic and historical philosophy.