This book is an effort to review the theoretical framework for the use of alternative assessment in EFL contexts and provides a collection of empirical research on alternative assessment for different groups of EFL learners in various classrooms. The aim of the book is not to simply review the past literature on alternative assessment in EFL, rather it aims to evaluate current language policy reforms, in which opportunities for alternative assessment are incorporated. Recent developments and possibilities for alternative assessment implementation in specific language skills are encouraged. The book provides empirical findings specific to certain sub-skills using alternative assessment strategies in EFL. Both the theoretical framework, and the insights and implications from the empirical research described in the book will make alternative assessment more accessible to language teachers in the most relevant and practical way.