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Useful Enemies: Islam and The Ottoman Empire in Western Political Thought, 1450-1750 de Noel Malcolm

Useful Enemies: Islam and The Ottoman Empire in Western Political Thought, 1450-1750

Autor Noel Malcolm
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 2 mai 2019

Ceea ce aduce nou Useful Enemies în peisajul istoriografiei moderne este perspectiva asupra inamicului otoman nu doar ca amenințare militară, ci ca instrument intelectual indispensabil în modelarea gândirii politice vest-europene. Într-o perioadă marcată de ascensiunea rapidă a puterii sultanilor, Noel Malcolm demonstrează că Europa nu s-a limitat la teamă și neîncredere, ci a dezvoltat o curiozitate obsesivă pentru structurile sociale și politice ale Islamului. Putem afirma că lucrarea transformă înțelegerea noastră despre 'despotismul oriental', arătând că acest concept nu a fost doar o etichetă peiorativă, ci un element activ în dezbaterile despre limitele puterii monarhice în Occident.

Structura cărții urmărește evoluția ideilor de la căderea Constantinopolului până în secolul al XVIII-lea, integrând analize riguroase asupra operelor unor filosofi precum Machiavelli sau Montesquieu. Găsim aici o legătură fascinantă între critica religiei în spațiul islamic și radicalizarea gândirii europene; autorul explică modul în care portretizarea negativă a Islamului ca instrument politic a oferit muniție scriitorilor radicali pentru a ataca fundamentele creștinismului. Această abordare completează temele din Agents of Empire, unde Malcolm explora frontierele poroase și interacțiunile umane, mutând acum atenția către frontierele ideologice și intelectuale.

Cititorii familiarizați cu Orientalism and Islam de Michael Curtis vor aprecia modul în care Malcolm nuanțează interacțiunea dintre Europa și Orient, evitând simplificările despre imperialism. În timp ce A History of Ottoman Political Thought up to the Early Nineteenth Century se concentrează pe textele interne otomane, Useful Enemies oferă oglinda necesară, analizând cum aceste realități au fost distorsionate sau utilizate strategic în tratatele politice occidentale. Tonul este unul de o erudiție sobră, oferind o resursă esențială pentru studiul istoriei ideilor și al relațiilor internaționale în perioada modernă timpurie.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780198830139
ISBN-10: 0198830130
Pagini: 502
Ilustrații: None
Dimensiuni: 162 x 237 x 43 mm
Greutate: 0.75 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este fundamentală pentru studenții și cercetătorii interesați de istoria politică și de rădăcinile raporturilor dintre Occident și lumea islamică. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere profundă a modului în care identitatea politică europeană s-a definit prin oglindirea în 'celălalt' otoman. Este o lecție magistrală despre cum ideile despre inamici pot fi folosite pentru a reforma propriile sisteme de guvernare și credință.

Despre autor

Noel Malcolm este un istoric și jurnalist britanic de renume, membru al All Souls College, Oxford, și al Academiei Britanice. Este recunoscut la nivel internațional pentru expertiza sa în istoria Balcanilor, lucrarea sa Bosnia: A Short History fiind considerată o referință în domeniu. Interesul său pentru perioada modernă timpurie este reflectat și în ediția critică a lucrării Leviathan de Thomas Hobbes. Prin Useful Enemies, Malcolm își consolidează reputația de cercetător capabil să sintetizeze surse lingvistice diverse pentru a ilumina complexitatea schimburilor culturale și politice dintre creștinătate și Imperiul Otoman.

Descriere

From the fall of Constantinople in 1453 until the eighteenth century, many Western European writers viewed the Ottoman Empire with almost obsessive interest. Typically they reacted to it with fear and distrust; and such feelings were reinforced by the deep hostility of Western Christendom towards Islam. Yet there was also much curiosity about the social and political system on which the huge power of the sultans was based. In the sixteenth century, especially, when Ottoman territorial expansion was rapid and Ottoman institutions seemed particularly robust, there was even open admiration.In this path-breaking book Noel Malcolm ranges through these vital centuries of East-West interaction, studying all the ways in which thinkers in the West interpreted the Ottoman Empire as a political phenomenon - and Islam as a political religion. Useful Enemies shows how the concept of 'oriental despotism' began as an attempt to turn the tables on a very positive analysis of Ottoman state power, and how, as it developed, it interacted with Western debates about monarchy and government. Noel Malcolm also shows how a negative portrayal of Islam as a religion devised for political purposes was assimilated by radical writers, who extended the criticism to all religions, including Christianity itself.Examining the works of many famous thinkers (including Machiavelli, Bodin, and Montesquieu) and many less well-known ones, Useful Enemies illuminates the long-term development of Western ideas about the Ottomans, and about Islam. Noel Malcolm shows how these ideas became intertwined with internal Western debates about power, religion, society, and war. Discussions of Islam and the Ottoman Empire were thus bound up with mainstream thinking in the West on a wide range of important topics. These Eastern enemies were not just there to be denounced. They were there to be made use of, in arguments which contributed significantly to the development of Western political thought.

Recenzii

Noel Malcolm has provided a masterpiece in the history of ideas...
The author is one of the great scholars of our time ... Malcolm has here uncovered an entirely new field of inquiry, ranging from Machiavelli to Montesquieu, and embracing many less familiar but fascinating thinkers en route...
A timely look at how the perceived threat of Islam shaped early modern Europe... This is a potentially polarising topic, ripe for ill-informed claims and tendentious commentary. Malcolm is one of the handful of people capable of taking it on with scholarly rigour and clarity... Anyone who wants to understand how we got to where we are today should read this book.
[A] wise and beautifully judged book...
With its breadth and perspicacity, this book will be the standard history for decades to come.
Useful Enemies is an exhaustive study of such uses of the Ottomans and Islam in early modern European political writing.
Noel Malcolm's impressive inquiry ... is remarkable for its insight, order and clarity of exposition.
Useful Enemies offers a balanced and nuanced view on how and why the Westerners perceived the otherness and how, over time, different authors and different testimonies about the Ottomans intertwined one with another in a construction of a complicate 'image'... This book also may be seen as an invitation for scholars to think about how the Ottomans were perceived in Eastern Europe.
Noel Malcolm's brilliant study ... a wealth of scholarship drawing on primary sources in many languages ... The book's importance is thus not only to do with its nuanced account of the varieties of western European responses to Islam - though this is valuable enough...
Learned and fascinating account...
[A] richly research and commendably lucid new book ... As with all Malcolm's work, the power of the underlying scholarship in Useful Enemies - the archives visited, the languages mastered - is deeply impressive. Perhaps still more impressive, however, is the way Malcolm has organised and shaped his material into a subtle, many-faceted exposition that is always clear and never feels forced or sophisticated...
An indispensable guide to that encounter that combines deep learning, refined historical judgment, and an elegant authorial voice. Malcolm describes his book as "a study of Western political thinking about Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the early modern period," roughly 1450 to 1750. But the book offers much more than that.
Useful Enemies provides a model for how a book that articulates its core objective with judicious precision can open a window, simultaneously, onto a landscape of intellectual cross-fertilization.
... impressive inquiry, which is remarkable for its insight, order and clarity of exposition... , strongly grounded on philological and historical inquiry.
Noel Malcolm displays an overwhelming erudition and vast linguistic abilities which underline why Useful Enemies will be a mandatory reference book for any scholar who, from now on, intends to study the interactions between the Ottomans and the Christian world. This book also may be seen as an invitation for scholars to think about how the Ottomans were perceived in Eastern Europe.

Notă biografică

Noel Malcolm read History and English Literature at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and was a research student at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he wrote his doctoral thesis on Thomas Hobbes. He began his career as Fellow of Gonville and Caius Colleege, Cambridge; he was then political columnist and, subsequently, Foreign Editor of the Spectator, and then chief political columnist of the Daily Telegraph. He gave the Carlyle Lectures at Oxford in 2001 and, since 2002, he has been a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He is a Fellow of the British Academy, and an Honorary Fellow of Peterhouse, Trinity, and Gonville and Caius. He has published books and articles on, among other subjects, early modern philosophy (with a particular emphasis on Hobbes), and the history and culture of the Balkans, especially during the Ottoman period. He was knighted in 2014 for services to scholarship, journalism, and European history.