Despite remarkable scientific and technological advancements over the past three centuries], a key assumption in science is 'materialistic-reductionism', e.g., the notion that every phenomenon or entity x] may be explained from within its "direct interaction" with another material element or system y]. However, based on a novel computational 'Duality Principle' Bentwich, 2006] the author proves that such 'self-referential computational ontological system' SROCS] inevitably leads to both logical inconsistency and computational indeterminacy. Dr. Bentwich therefore challenges the computational validity of a series of key scientific 'conundrums' which all share this SROCS structure, including: the quantum uncertainty principle and particle-wave duality, Relativity's constancy of the speed of light, Darwin's natural selection principle and genetic encoding hypothesis, and neuroscience's materialistic-reductionistic working hypothesis. Hence, based on the Duality Principle assertion regarding the conceptual inability to determine the existence or non-existence] of any material 'x' entity from "within" its direct interaction with another 'y' element-Dr. Bentwich is able to offer potential resolution for these scientific conundrums. Further theoretical development of the Duality Principle ultimately leads to a hypothetical 'Mental Projection Unified Theory' that has the potential of unifying quantum mechanics with Relativity based on theoretical knowledge in the field of cognitive neuroscience.