Questions concerning music and its inextricably intertwined and complex interface with time continue to fascinate musicians and scholars. For performers, the primary perception of music is arguably the way in which it unfolds in real time. For composers a work appears whole and entire, with the presence of the score having the potential to compress, and even eliminate, the perception of time as passing. The paradoxical relationship between these two perspectives, and the subtle mediations at the interface between them with which both performers and composers engage, form the subject matter of this collection of essays. The contributors address the temporal significance of specific topics such as notation, tempo, meter, and rhythm within broader contexts of performance, composition, aesthetics, and philosophy. The aim is to present novel ideas about music and time that provide particular insight into musical practice and the world of artistic research.