The branch of biology which focuses on the study of genes, heredity and genetic variations in various organisms is known as genetics. Some of the various sub fields of genetics involve epigenetics, molecular genetics and population genetics. The functions, variations and distribution of gene structure are studied under this subject within the context of cells, organisms and population. Development and behavior of an organism is often influenced by the genetic processes which work in combination with the environment of an organism. This is also referred to as nature vs. nurture in genetics. The gene transcription of a living cell may be turned on or off depending upon its intracellular and extracellular environment. The various sub-fields of genetics along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.