International crimes, such as, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression, have been perpetrated in Eritrea since 1991 in an alarming manner. Some of these have been perpetrated under premeditated government plan of persecution, portraying a widespread and systematic policy of repression. As a result, some high-ranking government officials can be tentatively identified as the most responsible perpetrators, bearing individual criminal responsibility for grave violations of international law. To end the culture of impunity, international criminal justice, administered by the International Criminal Court, foreign municipal courts, or national or mixed tribunals, should be instituted immediately. However, in the event of a negotiated and peaceful political transition, conditional amnesty administered by a democratically constituted truth and reconciliation commission is also regarded as an acceptable option. The book highlights that any model of transitional justice for Eritrea should be based on these assumptions. Academics, policymakers and practitioners working in the area of human rights, transitional justice and international criminal law may find it relevant.