Titanium Dioxide
Autor Jochen Winkleren Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 dec 2012
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9783866308121
ISBN-10: 3866308124
Pagini: 150
Ilustrații: zahlreiche Schwarz-Weiß- und farbige Abbildungen, Grafiken und Tabellen
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 10 mm
Greutate: 0.39 kg
Ediția:2
Editura: VINCENTZ NETWORK
ISBN-10: 3866308124
Pagini: 150
Ilustrații: zahlreiche Schwarz-Weiß- und farbige Abbildungen, Grafiken und Tabellen
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 10 mm
Greutate: 0.39 kg
Ediția:2
Editura: VINCENTZ NETWORK
Cuprins
Contents1 Introduction..........................................................................................152 Physical, chemical and toxicological properties................................ 172.1 Physical properties of titanium dioxide................................................. 172.2 Chemical properties of titanium dioxide...............................................282.3 Toxicological properties of titanium dioxide.........................................292.3.1 Oral intake..............................................................................................342.3.2 Parenteral uptake ...................................................................................342.3.3 Percutaneous uptake............................................................................... 352.3.4 Hypodermic (through the skin) injection............................................... 352.3.5 Inhalation............................................................................................... 353 Production.............................................................................................393.1 Raw materials.........................................................................................393.2 Sulfate process....................................................................................... 423.3 Chloride process.....................................................................................443.4 Inorganic and organic surface treatments..............................................464 Optical properties................................................................................514.1 Fundamentals of color measurement..................................................... 514.1.1 CIELAB-values of titanium dioxide pigments...................................... 554.2 Electromagnetic waves ("radiation").....................................................564.3 Light absorption, light scattering, reflection and diffraction .................564.3.1 Particle size dependency of light absorption.......................................... 594.3.2 Particle size dependency of light scattering........................................... 614.4 Mie theory.............................................................................................. 624.4.1 PVC - depency of light scattering..........................................................674.5 Kubelka-Munk theory - relative scattering power................................684.6 Determination of the spectral scattering coefficient.............................. 714.7 Hiding power.......................................................................................... 714.7.1 Standardized methods for determining hiding power........................... 714.7.2 Hiding power of sulfate and chloride grade pigments........................... 744.8 Lightening power................................................................................... 754.9 Color tint ............................................................................................... 764.10 Gloss and haze....................................................................................... 784.11 Substitute materials for titanium dioxide pigments ..............................795 Photo catalytic properties....................................................................835.1 Chalking cycle........................................................................................835.2 Photo activity of anatase and rutile........................................................865.3 Accelerated and natural weathering.......................................................885.4 Accelerated tests for monitoring photo activity..................................... 916 Dispersing.............................................................................................936.1 Steps taking place during dispersion.....................................................936.2 Wetting...................................................................................................956.3 Mechanical de-agglomeration................................................................976.3.1 Mill base formulation.............................................................................976.3.2 Agglomerate strength.............................................................................976.3.3 Relationship between time length of dispersion,mechanical power input and dispersion success....................................996.4 Stabilization against flocculation......................................................... 1016.4.1 Electrostatic stabilization..................................................................... 1026.4.2 Zeta potential....................................................................................... 1026.4.3 Stabilization by adsorption of polyelectrolytes.................................... 1076.4.4 Adsorption of ions................................................................................ 1086.4.5 Steric (entropic) stabilization............................................................... 1106.5 Rub out effect and Benard cells........................................................... 1126.6 Final remarks....................................................................................... 1147 Nano-titanium dioxide....................................................................... 1177.1 Production of nano-titanium dioxides.................................................. 1177.2 Properties of titanium dioxide nano-particles...................................... 1187.3 Nano-titanium dioxides as UV absorbers............................................ 1207.4 Nano-titanium dioxides as effect pigments.......................................... 1228 Titanium dioxide in catalysis............................................................1258.1 DeNOx catalysts................................................................................... 1288.2 Diesel catalysts..................................................................................... 1298.3 Titanium dioxide in photo catalysis..................................................... 1308.4 Titanium dioxide as a catalyst for the production of biodiesel............ 1339 Titanium dioxide in photovoltaic cells and chromatography........137Author................................................................................................. 143Index.................................................................................................... 145