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Littman Time and Process in Ancient Judaism de Stern

Littman Time and Process in Ancient Judaism

Autor Stern
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 mar 2024

Subliniem în această lucrare o perspectivă provocatoare asupra ontologiei iudaice: ideea că în iudaismul antic nu exista un concept al timpului ca entitate abstractă sau resursă liniară. Time and Process in Ancient Judaism se concentrează pe capitolul dedicat analizei termenului zeman, unde Sacha Stern demonstrează că acesta se referea strict la puncte temporale finite sau evenimente specifice, nu la un continuum temporal. Această abordare extinde cadrul propus de Clepsydra de Sylvie Anne Goldberg cu date noi din sursele rabbinice timpurii și manuscrisele de la Marea Moartă, oferind o rigoare filologică ce transformă înțelegerea noastră despre cronologia antică. Descoperim aici o organizare tematică ce pornește de la o introducere metodologică bazată pe studii antropologice și progresează spre analiza practică a halakha (legea evreiască). Structura cuprinsului indică o trecere logică de la măsurarea timpului și calendar la etică și istorie, culminând cu o comparație între cultura iudaică și cea greco-romană. Reținem argumentul autorului conform căruia citirea rugăciunii Shema nu era o măsurare a timpului, ci o coordonare a procesului uman cu cel natural (răsăritul sau amurgul). Această distincție transformă calendarul dintr-un instrument de măsură într-o schemă astronomică axată pe procese. Stilul este unul precis și academic, evitând speculațiile metafizice în favoarea unei analize concrete a textelor din Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. Cartea oferă o perspectivă inedită asupra limitelor elenizării, sugerând că, deși trăiau în lumea greco-romană, evreii antici și-au păstrat o viziune asupra lumii distinctă, în care timpul ca „dimensiune” a apărut abia în perioada medievală sub influență filosofică externă.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781904113683
ISBN-10: 1904113680
Pagini: 152
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 8 mm
Greutate: 0.22 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: Liverpool University Press
Locul publicării:United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această monografie este esențială pentru cercetătorii iudaismului și ai istoriei religiilor, oferind o demitizare a conceptului de timp universal. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere profundă a modului în care procesele naturale și rituale dictau viața cotidiană în antichitate, fără nevoia unei structuri temporale abstracte. Este un instrument critic pentru oricine dorește să înțeleagă rădăcinile gândirii rabbinice dincolo de influențele filosofice moderne.

Cuprins

Note on Transliteration Introduction: Anthropological and Other Perspectives 1 Time-or its Absence-in Early Rabbinic Culture 2 Timing and Time-Reckoning 3 Calendar, Chronology, and History 4 Time and Ethics: From Antiquity to the Middle Ages 5 The Greeks and Jewish Hellenistic Culture 6 Jewish Culture and the Ancient Near East Concluding Remarks Bibliography Index

Recenzii

'This excellent, illuminating, insightful, perceptive, cogently argued, clearly written book is one of the most interesting books I have read in a long time, offering a new perspective on the world-view of ancient Judaism and its links with other cultures of the Near East of late antiquity. Stern casts his new wide and his findings are intriguing ... Readers may find this book a source of delight and astonishing breadth, one that they cannot put down. It makes an original contribution to the fields of Rabbinics and Jewish studies. It is also cross-disciplinary with the fields of philosophy, classics, history of ideas, history in general, and anthropology.' David B. Levy, H-Judaic 'A fascinating demonstration that there was no concept of time in ancient Judaism ... has huge implications for any understanding of historicalA" texts, and will impact on the understanding of sacred timeA", eschatology, and liturgy.' M. Barker, Society for Old Testament Study Book List 'This is a well-informed study raising issues of the degree of Hellenization of ancient Judaism, as well as links between Judaism and other ancient Near Eastern cultures.' Stephen D. Benin, Religious Studies Review ENDORSEMENTS 'Time and Process in Ancient Judaism is an original and sophisticated study of a subject that is of considerable importance for historians of the relationship of Jews to Graeco-Roman culture in late antiquity.' Martin Goodman

Descriere scurtă

A comprehensive study of time, time-reckoning, and chronology in ancient Judaism, showing that ancient Jewish world-views were based not on time but rather on process.

Descriere

This illuminating study is about the absence of a concept of time in ancient Judaism, and the predominance instead of process in the ancient Jewish world-view. Sacha Stern draws his evidence from the complete range of Jewish sources from this period: mainly early rabbinic literature, but also Jewish Hellenistic literature, Qumran sources, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, and inscriptions. Following a methodological introduction drawing on anthropological studies, the author starts by focusing on the word used for time in early rabbinic literature, zeman. He shows that it means only 'points in time' or finite periods of time, but that the concept of time as a continuum--of time as a whole--is totally absent from rabbinic texts. It is unknown even in such obvious contexts as discussions of age, accounts of the creation of the universe, and in other matters relating to timing and time reckoning, the calendar, and chronology. He shows convincingly that although timing was central to early rabbinic halakhah, it was not conceived of as a measuring of the time dimension, but rather as a way of co-ordinating different processes (e.g. co-ordinating the reading of the Shema with sunrise or dusk). The calendar, likewise, was not a measurement of time but an astronomical scheme, and therefore only process-related. Similar conclusions apply to early rabbinic notions of chronology, history, and even ethics: the notion of time as an entity or a resource, so familiar in modern society, is completely unknown in rabbinic ethics. Further confirmation emerges from the author's study of non-rabbinic ancient Jewish sources in Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic, including Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphic works and Dead Sea Scrolls, sources that are also concerned with the calendar and chronology but without any notion of time per se. The absence of a concept of time is also attested in other Near eastern cultures, but stands in contrast to Graeco-Roman culture with its pervasive concept of chronos. The ancient Jewish view also stands in contrast with medieval Judaism, when the concept of time became well established in ethics, philosophy, biblical exegesis, and halakhah, a development which Stern attributes partly to the influence of Greek philosophy on medieval Jewish thinkers. He concludes with reflections on the wider implications of these findings, especially regarding the limited Hellenization of ancient Judaism and its cultural isolation within the Graeco-Roman world. This perceptive work, clearly, cogently, and convincingly argued, offers a new perspective on the world-view of ancient Judaism and its links with other cultures in the Near East of late antiquity.