The medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland is known as thyroid disease. Generally, there are five types of thyroid diseases, namely, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, structural abnormalities, tumors and subclinical hypothyroidism. Each of them has their own symptoms. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are tiredness, weight gain, muscle cramps, slow heart rate, constipation, etc. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include difficulty in sleeping, tremors and weight loss. Thyroid disease can be diagnosed via a blood test, ultrasound, biopsy and a radioiodine scanning and uptake study. It can be treated with the help of medications, surgery and radioiodine. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of thyroid disease. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to this domain. This book aims to equip students and experts with advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.