Thiazole, or 1,3-thiazole, is a five-member heterocyclic compound that contains a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. The term "thiazoles" also refers to a large family of molecules containing one or more thiazole rings. The design and synthesis of novel thiazole derivatives as anti-cancer agents has been the focal point of recent research, in great part because of their biological properties and their applications in drug development. In Thiazole: Synthesis and Reactions, an attempt is made to review the reports of recent research advances in the area of aqueous phase synthesis of thiazoles and benzothiazoles, particularly those published in the last decade. In closing, the authors showcase the recent research advances in thiazole/benzothiazole synthesis involving microwave irradiation