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The Transmutations of Chymistry: Wilhelm Homberg and the Académie Royale des Sciences de Lawrence M. Principe

The Transmutations of Chymistry: Wilhelm Homberg and the Académie Royale des Sciences: Synthesis

Autor Lawrence M. Principe
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 9 oct 2020

Nivel de studiu: referință profesională și cercetare doctorală. În The Transmutations of Chymistry, descoperim o reevaluare profundă a modului în care chimia și alchimia s-au întrepătruns la cumpăna secolelor XVII și XVIII. Subliniem modul în care Lawrence M. Principe reușește să scoată la lumină figura lui Wilhelm Homberg, un personaj a cărui traiectorie — din Java până la curtea Franței — oferă o perspectivă unică asupra profesionalizării științei. Autorul demonstrează că viziunea radicală a lui Homberg nu a fost o simplă curiozitate istorică, ci un efort sistematic de a impune 'chymistry' ca fiind cea mai fiabilă metodă de înțelegere a lumii naturale.

Notăm cu interes structura narativă și analitică a cărții, care progresează de la formarea lui Homberg în capitole precum 'A Merchant of the Marvelous', până la experimentele sofisticate de 'chrysopoeia' desfășurate la Palais Royal. Această lucrare reprezintă o alternativă la Inventing Chemistry de John C. Powers pentru cursurile de istoria științei; în timp ce volumul lui Powers se concentrează pe modelul educațional al lui Herman Boerhaave, Principe aduce în plus dimensiunea instituțională și politică a Académie Royale des Sciences, valorificând documente de arhivă inedite. În contextul operei sale, această carte rafinează temele explorate în The Scientific Revolution, oferind o analiză mult mai granulară și tehnică a laboratorului timpuriu, similară cu rigoarea din The Secrets of Alchemy. Rezultatul este o biografie umană și disciplinară care revizuiește radical cronologia tranziției de la alchimie la chimia modernă.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226700786
ISBN-10: 022670078X
Pagini: 504
Ilustrații: 16 halftones, 6 line drawings
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 36 mm
Greutate: 0.74 kg
Ediția:First Edition
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press
Seria Synthesis

De ce să citești această carte

Pentru istoricii științei și cercetătorii perioadei moderne timpurii, acest volum oferă o perspectivă riguroasă asupra modului în care instituțiile științifice au integrat practicile alchimice. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere clară a tranziției de la 'chymistry' la chimia modernă, prin prisma unui personaj central dar adesea ignorat. Este o resursă esențială pentru a înțelege cum experimentele de laborator au modelat autoritatea științifică la curtea lui Ludovic al XIV-lea.

Despre autor

Lawrence M. Principe este profesor de științe umaniste în cadrul Departamentului de Istorie a Științei și Tehnologiei și al Departamentului de Chimie de la Universitatea Johns Hopkins. Recunoscut la nivel internațional ca o autoritate în istoria alchimiei, Principe îmbină rigoarea istoricului cu expertiza chimistului pentru a descifra textele și experimentele obscure ale trecutului. Opera sa, care include titluri de referință precum The Secrets of Alchemy, a fost esențială în reabilitarea studiului alchimiei ca disciplină intelectuală serioasă în cadrul revoluției științifice.

Descriere scurtă

This book reevaluates the changes to chymistry that took place from 1660 to 1730 through a close study of the chymist Wilhelm Homberg (1653–1715) and the changing fortunes of his discipline at the Académie Royale des Sciences, France’s official scientific body. By charting Homberg’s remarkable life from Java to France’s royal court, and his endeavor to create a comprehensive theory of chymistry (including alchemical transmutation), Lawrence M. Principe reveals the period’s significance and reassesses its place in the broader sweep of the history of science.

Principe, the leading authority on the subject, recounts how Homberg’s radical vision promoted chymistry as the most powerful and reliable means of understanding the natural world. Homberg’s work at the Académie and in collaboration with the future regent, Philippe II d’Orléans, as revealed by a wealth of newly uncovered documents, provides surprising new insights into the broader changes chymistry underwent during, and immediately after, Homberg. A human, disciplinary, and institutional biography, The Transmutations of Chymistry significantly revises what was previously known about the contours of chymistry and scientific institutions in the early eighteenth century.

Notă biografică

Lawrence M. Principe is the Drew Professor of the Humanities at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of many books, most recently The Secrets of Alchemy, also published by the University of Chicago Press.

Cuprins

List of Figures and Tables
List of Abbreviations
Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1. A Merchant of the Marvelous
Chapter 2. A Batavian in Paris
Chapter 3. Essaying Chymistry
Chapter 4. A New Chymical Light
Chapter 5. Chrysopoeia at the Académie and the Palais Royal
Chapter 6. Chymistry in Homberg’s Later Years: Practices, Promises, Poisons, and Prisons
Chapter 7. Homberg’s Legacy

Epilogue: Homberg and the Transmutations of Chymistry at the Académie
 
Note on Sources
Sources Cited
Index

Recenzii

"This clever book is a biography of a person—Wilhelm Homberg (1653–1715); an institution—the Académie Royale des Sciences; and a discipline—the biography of chymistry from 1670 to 1730. Lawrence M. Principe has thus accomplished the trifecta of intellectual history, using a significant but largely understudied individual to analyze an equally understudied period—the history of chymistry between Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. . . . I highly recommend this work and congratulate Principe for his latest achievement."

"The Transmutations of Chymistry is the work of a master in his field, full of insights and very well written. Its production values are high, with both footnotes and a full bibliography, and the fifteen-page 'Note on Sources' at the end is a gold mine of information for researchers not only in chymistry but in Parisian science under Louis XIV. It is a considerable achievement."

"With this brilliant investigation, well-documented and written with enthusiasm, Lawrence Principe transforms our understanding of chemistry in the eighteenth century."

"Telling three stories in one volume is the great achievement of this fascinating and erudite book. The biography of a dedicated savant who managed to engage the Duc d’Orléans in his laboratory work, interwoven with the story of the prestigious French Academy of Sciences, provides a vivid snapshot of the long history of chemistry: a unique moment when the alchemical quest for gold merged with the ambition to establish chemistry on the sound theoretical foundations of natural philosophy. With its punning title, this book undoubtedly transmutes the old clichés about the death of alchemy and the birth of modern chemistry."

"This is a fascinating study of the improbable life of a great but comparatively unheralded chemist: Guillaume Homberg. The book traces the continuing influence of Homberg in eighteenth-century French chemistry through two focal interests: his concern to raise chemistry above the artisanal level to that of a true natural science, and his interest and even passion for chrysopoeia, alchemical metallic transmutation. Through Principe’s biographical details of Homberg’s peregrinations, his interactions with chemists and natural philosophers throughout Europe, and his own research and writings, the reader is fully immersed in European chemical thought and practice of the year 1700."

"Wilhelm Homberg has long been known as an important figure in the history of chemistry. By examining Homberg’s alchemical preoccupations and those of his contemporaries, Principe not only manages to throw a brilliant new light on this Enlightenment thinker, but to reveal a rich alchemical subtext underlying eighteenth-century chemistry in general."

"With his peerless knowledge of the archives and obvious taste and talent for unraveling the arcana of the complex social relations and challenges of science at the turn of the eighteenth century, Principe keeps readers on tenterhooks in his study of the three lives—human, disciplinary, and institutional—of German chemist Wilhelm Homberg. He renders the full measure of this atypical figure, revealing him as a key player in the world of chemistry at the Académie Royale des Sciences. This masterful study offers a chance to reassess Homberg’s place within and influence on French chemistry in the Enlightenment."