Strategic thinking rather than strategic planning is the key to sustainable success. Strategy involves a broader look, a deeper analysis and a longer time-frame. Strategic thinking is about considering the consequences of developments and possible developments, of actions and possible actions, on the success, prosperity and continuity of people, organizations or communities. And it is about the kind of success, prosperity and continuity that we seek. This study explores strategic thinking on the basis of strategy literature and cognitive psychology. It reviews studies of how strategic decision-makers operate, including the military. It helps to recognize strategic thinking ability in individuals, to teach strategic thinking and to foster it in those at the helm: directors, executives, commanders and public administrators.