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The Libertarian Idea

Autor Jan Narveson
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 5 mar 2001

Putem afirma că The Libertarian Idea reprezintă o sinteză riguroasă a filozofiei politice contemporane, evidențiindu-se prin interdisciplinaritatea sa marcată. Lucrarea nu se limitează la teoria politică pură, ci intersectează etica, economia de piață și dreptul constituțional pentru a fundamenta conceptul de libertate individuală. Jan Narveson construiește un argument solid pentru ordinea spontană și piața liberă, susținând că interacțiunile umane trebuie să rămână independente de direcția centralizată a statului.

Suntem de părere că structura cărții este remarcabil de analitică, pornind de la definiții preliminare în prima parte — „Is Libertarianism Possible?” — și progresând spre nuanțe complexe ale libertății sociale. Autorul dedică capitole extinse distincției dintre libertatea negativă și cea pozitivă, investigând natura coerciției și a interferenței. Comparabil cu The Ethics of Liberty de Murray N Rothbard în rigurozitatea cu care tratează drepturile naturale, volumul de față este însă actualizat pentru a răspunde criticilor moderne aduse contractualismului și pentru a integra perspectivele educaționale specifice curriculumului universitar actual.

În contextul operei sale, această carte consolidează temele explorate în Moral Matters - Second Edition sau This Is Ethical Theory, unde Jan Narveson a demonstrat o capacitate deosebită de a simplifica idei nuanțate fără a le sacrifica profunzimea. Dacă în lucrările anterioare se concentra pe dileme etice aplicate, aici oferă cadrul teoretic complet care susține întreaga sa viziune despre lume. Textul este calibrat pentru nivelul universitar, oferind un aparat critic valoros pentru orice student la filozofie sau științe politice.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781551114217
ISBN-10: 1551114216
Pagini: 367
Dimensiuni: 133 x 216 x 21 mm
Greutate: 0.49 kg
Editura: BROADVIEW PR
Colecția Broadview Press
Locul publicării:Peterborough, Canada

De ce să citești această carte

Credem că această lucrare este esențială pentru studenții și cercetătorii care doresc să înțeleagă fundamentele etice ale libertății. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă clară asupra modului în care drepturile individuale pot fi protejate într-o societate organizată fără intervenție guvernamentală masivă. Este o resursă academică de bază care transformă concepte abstracte precum „ordinea spontană” în argumente logice aplicabile politicilor publice moderne.


Despre autor

Jan Narveson este profesor emerit de filozofie la Universitatea din Waterloo și unul dintre cei mai respectați gânditori libertarieni din America de Nord. Specialist în etică și filozofie politică, Narveson a publicat numeroase lucrări de referință, printre care Moral Matters și Liberalism, fiind cunoscut pentru abordarea sa rațională și clară asupra contractualismului moral. Contribuțiile sale la dezvoltarea teoriei politice contemporane i-au adus recunoașterea internațională, fiind un membru activ al comunității academice și un promotor al ideii că libertatea individuală este pilonul central al unei societăți prospere.


Recenzii

Libertarianism is both a philosophy and a political view. The key concepts defining Libertarianism are: Individual Rights as inherent to human beings, not granted by government; a Spontaneous Order through which people conduct their daily interactions and through which society is organized independent of central (government) direction; the Rule of Law which dictates that everyone is free to do as they please so long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others; a Divided and Limited Government, checked by written constitution; Free Markets in which price and exchange is agreed upon mutually by individuals; Virtue of Production whereby the productive labour of the individual and any translation of that labour into earnings belongs, by right, to the individual who should not have to sacrifice those earnings to taxes; and Peace which has, throughout history, most commonly been disrupted by the interests of the ruling class or centralized government.

“This book is an important examination of both contractarianism and libertarianism. And beyond its intriguing central theses and its pointed applications of libertarian premises to policy issues, it provides an extensive and valuable critical commentary on recent philosophical attacks on libertarian themes.” — Ethics
The Libertarian Idea is the eminently readable book of a man who knows what liberty is, knows what it isn’t, and cares deeply about the difference.” — Reason
“This book is indeed a major contribution to the philosophical controversy over libertarianism. It ranks in importance with Nozick’s Anarchy, State, and Utopia and Rawls’s A Theory of Justice.” — Liberty
“An original and well-rounded contribution [that] … should be of considerable general interest among political philosophers … [I]t is a thoroughly challenging and quite engaging book.” — Canadian Journal of Philosophy
“Producers and consumers of theory of justice literature should read this book. It is a major work.” — Journal of Politics
“[In] Narveson’s new, bold, and highly readable book … he aims, quite simply, to provide the secure foundations that libertarianism apparently lacks.” — Canadian Philosophical Review

Descriere

Libertarianism is both a philosophy and a political view. The key concepts defining Libertarianism are: Individual Rights as inherent to human beings, not granted by government; a Spontaneous Order through which people conduct their daily interactions and through which society is organized independent of central (government) direction; the Rule of Law which dictates that everyone is free to do as they please so long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others; a Divided and Limited Government, checked by written constitution; Free Markets in which price and exchange is agreed upon mutually by individuals; Virtue of Production whereby the productive labour of the individual and any translation of that labour into earnings belongs, by right, to the individual who should not have to sacrifice those earnings to taxes; and Peace which has, throughout history, most commonly been disrupted by the interests of the ruling class or centralized government.

Cuprins

Preface
PART ONE: Is Libertarianism Possible?
Prologue. The Knock at the Door
CHAPTER 1. Liberalism, Conservatism, Libertarianism
  • A Preliminary Definition
    Liberal/Conservative
    Left, Center, Right
    Liberal Individualism as One Kind of Conservatism
CHAPTER 2. Liberty
  • Another Preliminary Definition
    The Subject of Liberty
    Liberty and Autonomy
    The Nonatomic Individual
    What Is Liberty?
    Liberty: Freedom to Bring About
    Freedom From and Freedom To
    Utter Freedom
    Interferences: Where the Action Is
CHAPTER 3. Liberty: Negative versus Positive
  • Negative and Positive Liberty: Freedom versus Power
    Lack of Desire: A Constraint?
    Lack of Reason: Another Constraint?
    Our Subject: Social Freedom
    A Note on Slavery
    Is “Positive Liberty” Liberty?
CHAPTER 4. Two Conceptions of Liberty as a Social Concern
  • The Two Ideas
    What Constitutes Interference?
    Coercion
    Pressuring
    Interference versus Nonassistance
CHAPTER 5. Rights
  • Rights Defined
    Rights and Duties: Definition or Mere Correlation?
    Rights without Duties? So-called “Liberty Rights”
    Duties without Rights? Rights, Duties, and Justice
    Duties to No One in Particular?
    Enforceability
    Enforcement and Force
    A Paradox: My Freedom Is Your Unfreedom?
    Rights Prima Facie or Rights Absolute?
    “Side Constraints”
    ‘General’ and ‘Particular’; ‘Natural’ and ‘Conventional’
    Negative versus Positive Rights
    Negative versus Positive Rights to Liberty
    Libertarianism and Negative Rights
CHAPTER 6. Liberty and Property
  • How Liberty and Property Are Related
    Property Rights
    Property in Oneself
    From Liberty to Property in Things
    Property Rights and the “Freedom Entails Unfreedom” Paradox
CHAPTER 7. Initial Acquisition
  • Getting Ownership Started
    Rights to Things Are Rights to Act
    Another “Libertarianism Restricts Liberty” Argument
    “Acquiring” Not an Act
    Arthur’s Argument: Acquisition as Harmful
CHAPTER 8. Property Rights Concluded
  • Transfer
    Equality
    Capitalist Rights Not to Be Capitalists
    Resources and Generational Considerations
PART TWO: Foundations: Is Libertarianism Rational?
CHAPTER 9. Introduction
  • On “Foundations”
    The Options
CHAPTER 10. Intuitions in Moral Philosophy
  • Two Kinds of Intuitionism
    Metaphysical Intuitionism
    Mysteriousness
    Futility
    Disagreement
    Society-Dependence
    Generality
    Importance
    Methodological Intuitionism
    Disagreement, Again
    Reflective Equilibrium
    The Practicality of Morals
    Moral “Science”?
CHAPTER 11. Morality
  • The Need for Clarity about Morality
    ‘Personal’ versus ‘Social’ Morality
    The Compleat Deontologist?
    Conventional versus Critical Morality
CHAPTER 12. Contractarianism
  • The Idea of the “Contract” Approach to Foundations
    Universality?
    Hobbes
    The Prisoner’s Dilemma
    The Sovereign
    Is Cooperation Possible? The Prisoner’s Dilemma
    Gauthier’s View
    Morality, the Real World, and Prisoner’s Dilemma
    Being Able to Complain
CHAPTER 13. The Logic of Contractarianism
  • The Basic Appeal
    The “Natural Law”
    A Note on Utilitarianism
CHAPTER 14. Contractarianism to Libertarianism?
  • The Project
    A Challenge
    The Road from Contractarianism to Libertarianism
    Values
    A False Start: Autonomy Generalized
    Another False Start: An Argument from “Survival”
    The Central Argument
    The Right to Liberty, Properly Grounded
    The Crucial Question
    Can We Improve on the Libertarian Option?
    Efficiency versus Justice?
    The Gospel According to St. Pareto
PART THREE: Libertarianism and Reality: What Does Libertarianism Imply about Concrete Social Policy?
CHAPTER 15. Society and the Market
  • The Free Market
    Market and Morals
    Two Views about Society and the Market
    Market Morality as a Public Good
    What Is Economic?
    Capitalism and Consumerism
    Information
    Perfect Competition
    A Question about Factor Rent
CHAPTER 16. The State
  • The State, Government, Public, Associations, Us
    A Note on Democracy
    The Down Side of Democracy
    Political Authority
    Authority and Coordination
    The Right to Protection
    Protection and Nozick’s Argument for the State
    Law
    Enforcement and the Problem of Punishment
    Punishment: The Options
    Retribution
    The Deterrence/Protection Theory
    Restitution
CHAPTER 17. Redistribution
  • Redistribution and the State
    A Tale of Two Scrooges
    Public Goods Arguments
    A Note on the “Minimal State”
    A Tale of Three Rules about Mutual Aid
    A Note on Symphony Orchestras
CHAPTER 18. Insurance Arguments and the Welfare State
  • The Libertarian Reply
    Insurance and Charity
    Overwhelming Majorities and Administrative Overhead
    A Defense of Charity
    Duties of Charity
    The “Social Minimum”
CHAPTER 19. The Problem of Children
  • The Problem
    Nonfundamental Rights
    Children’s Rights
    Abortion and Infanticide
CHAPTER 20. Freedom and Information
  • Education: Should We Sell the Schools?
    The Orwin Thesis
    Knowledge
    Freedom of Speech and the Ideological Marketplace
    Pornography, Hate Literature, and the Like
    A Libertarian Postscript
CHAPTER 21. The Public and Its Spaces
  • “Public Property”
    Zoning Laws
    Rules, Regulations, and Bureaucrats
    Sell the Streets?
    On Discrimination in Hiring
    Discrimination, Inefficiency, and the Market
    The Public Sector
CHAPTER 22. Defense and International Relations
  • Libertarianism and War
    Foreign Policy toward Nonliberal States
    The Nonrevolutionist’s Evolutionist Handbook
Epilogue. Reflections on Libertarianism
  • What Has Not Been Proven
    The Lure of Nationalism
    Privatization, Trivialization, and the Eternal Yuppie
    The Secular Problem of Evil
    Advice to Libertarian Political Parties
    Does It Matter?
    Concluding Note
NotesBibliographyIndex