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The Islamic Secular de Sherman A. Jackson

The Islamic Secular

Autor Sherman A. Jackson
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 19 iun 2024

Publicul format din studenți în științe politice, cercetători ai dreptului islamic și practicieni în domeniul relațiilor internaționale va găsi în The Islamic Secular un instrument analitic esențial pentru redefinirea raportului dintre credință și guvernare. Apreciem rigoarea cu care Sherman A. Jackson demontează presupunerea că secularismul în lumea musulmană trebuie să oglindească modelul occidental de „eliberare” a statului de sub autoritatea religioasă. Autorul demonstrează că, în tradiția juridică clasică, deși totul se află sub privirea divină, nu totul este dictat de Shari'ah.

Subliniem distincția fundamentală pe care volumul o face între Shari'ah, ca lege sacră cu jurisdicție limitată, și Islam, ca religie cu orizont nelimitat. Această „secularitate islamică” permite autonomizarea unor domenii precum economia sau știința fără ca acestea să devină „ne-islamice”. Cititorii familiarizați cu Shari`a in the Secular State de Russell Powell vor aprecia modul în care Jackson trece dincolo de contextul specific (cum este cel turc) pentru a oferi o fundamentare teoretică universală bazată pe jurisprudența pre-modernă. Dacă Powell se concentrează pe spațiul liminal al limbajului juridic, Jackson propune o paradigmă în care secularul este un complement, nu un rival al religiei.

Reținem că această lucrare continuă preocupările autorului din Islam and the Blackamerican sau Islam and the Problem of Black Suffering privind poziționarea Islamului în spațiul public modern. Totuși, The Islamic Secular se distinge printr-o densitate teoretică sporită, mutând accentul de pe experiența sociologică spre fundamentele ontologice ale legii. Este o lectură densă, publicată de Oxford University Press, care recalibrează dezbaterea despre statul islamic modern, oferind o alternativă intelectuală la polarizarea dintre teocrație și secularism radical.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780197661789
ISBN-10: 0197661785
Pagini: 544
Dimensiuni: 165 x 226 x 71 mm
Greutate: 0.86 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cercetătorilor care doresc să înțeleagă cum poate un stat modern să fie „islamic” fără a fi o teocrație rigidă. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă clară asupra distincției dintre legea Shari'ah și religia Islam, învățând că politicile de stat pot fi laice în execuție, dar religioase în spirit. Este o resursă crucială pentru depășirea clișeelor despre incompatibilitatea Islamului cu modernitatea politică.

Despre autor

Sherman A. Jackson este profesor asociat de studii arabe și islamice la Universitatea din Michigan. Recunoscut pentru analizele sale profunde asupra Islamului în contextul american și asupra teologiei suferinței, Jackson îmbină expertiza în jurisprudența clasică cu o înțelegere acută a provocărilor contemporane. Opera sa, care include titluri precum Sufism for Non-Sufis?, explorează constant tensiunile dintre tradiția spirituală și presiunile politice ale lumii moderne, fiind considerat una dintre cele mai influente voci ale intelectualismului islamic actual.

Descriere

The basic point of the secular in the modern West is to "liberate" certain pursuits--the state, the economy, science--from the authority of religion. This is also assumed to be the goal and meaning of "secular" in Islam. Sherman Jackson argues, however, that that assumption is wrong. In Islam the "secular" was neither outside "religion" nor a rival to it. "Religion," in Islam was not identical to Islam's "sacred law," or "shari'ah." Nor did classical Muslim jurists see shari'ah as the all-encompassing, exclusive means of determining what is "Islamic." In fact, while, as religion, Islam's jurisdiction was unlimited, shari'ah's jurisdiction, as a sacred law, was limited. In other words, while everything remained within the purview of the divine gaze of the God of Islam, not everything could be determined by shari'ah or on the basis of its revelatory sources. Various aspects of state-policy, the economy, science, and the like were "differentiated," from shari'ah and its revelatory sources, without becoming non-religious or un-Islamic. Given the asymmetry between the circumference of shari'ah and that of Islam as religion, not everything that fell outside the former fell outside the latter. In other words, an idea or action could be non-shar'i (not dictated by shari'ah) without being non-Islamic, let alone anti-Islam. The ideas and actions that fall into this category are what Jackson terms "the Islamic Secular." Crucially, the Islamic Secular differs from the Western secular in that, while the whole point of the Western secular is to liberate various pursuits from religion, the Islamic Secular differentiates these disciplines not from religion but simply from shari'ah. Similarly, while both secularization and secularism play key roles in the Western secular, both of these concepts are alien to the Islamic Secular, as the Islamic Secular seeks neither to discipline nor to displace religion, nor expand to its own jurisdiction at religion's expense. The Islamic Secular is a complement to religion, in effect, a "religious secular." Nowhere are the practical implications of this more impactful than in Islam's relationship with the modern state. In this book, Jackson makes the case for the Islamic Secular on the basis of Islam's own pre-modern juristic tradition and shows how the Islamic Secular impacts the relationship between Islam and the modern state, including the Islamic State.

Recenzii

The Islamic Secular is a courageous and path-setting work, exploring afresh the relationship between Islamic law and Islam as a faith tradition. Rigorous, innovative, brilliant and daring to ask new questions, Sherman A. Jackson forces us to rethink accepted boundaries. He offers new conceptual keys to re-imagine the relationship between religion and the secular. A tour de force!
This is a thought-provoking map of the forgotten history of the metes and bounds of sharīʿa, and a tour through the perpetual space beyond it. Each encounter involves an interpretive endeavor, both inside and beyond Islamic law's jurisdiction. Beyond it, encounters are both religious and secular whenever Muslims ethically seek to solve societal challenges in governance and even law (or anything else), in ways that proceed, according to Dr. Jackson, 'under the conscious awareness of the divine gaze.' True, these encounters require constant deliberation and reconsideration. But they promise better answers in both bounded spaces of Islamic law and expansive spaces of the 'Islamic secular.' It is a tour worth taking.
The book contains a helpful introduction and a clarifying conclusion of the fundamental principles presented here. It also presents an important contribution to Islamic speculative jurisprudence and theology. Library collections in Islamic studies, political science, and other traditions of political theology will benefit from this work. Highly recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty; professionals.
The Islamic Secular, a thick, dense, and elaborate monograph by Sherman A. Jackson, Distinguished Professor of Religion at the University of Southern California, is one such book that deserves attention-by both Muslims and others who are interested in the destiny of Islam.
The book is undeniably rich and comprehensive, offering a thorough perspective that prompts Western Islamic scholars and practicing Muslims to think carefully, as it challenges discourses in both groups.
The Islamic Secular presents a thought-provoking and innovative approach in the realm of Islamic studies, aiming to dispel the notion that Islam and secularity are fundamentally opposed to one another. Future research, including that by Jackson and others, may further explore the various connections between Islam and the secular-connections that this groundbreaking work has begun to uncover but has not fully explored.
The extraordinary detail provided and the beautifully critical discussions tell a story of the repositioning of a predominantly Western concept within Islam, offering alternative understandings that dislocate Western-centric assumptions.
This stimulating work, comprising some four hundred pages of closely argued text and more than a hundred pages of notes, makes considerable demands on the reader ... It would serve as an excellent text for advanced studies in Islamic Studies, especially sharīÊ¿a, Social Theory and the relationship between Islam and politics. It draws on many decades of deep thought and research of Islamic law and Islamic history.
The Islamic Secular is a learned and erudite book that deploys a masterful understanding of Islamic legal and theological history to make important interventions in public debates about the place of Islam and Islamic law in the modern state.

Notă biografică

Sherman A. Jackson is King Faisal Chair of Islamic Thought and Culture and Professor of Religion and American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California. Prior to that, he spent many years at the University of Michigan's Department of Middle East Studies. He is the author of numerous books, including Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi (E.J. Brill, 1996), Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Toward the Third Resurrection (OUP 2005), Islam and the Problem of Black Suffering (OUP 2009), and Sufism for Non-Sufis: Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari's Taj al-'Arus (OUP 2012).