The Human Adrenal Cortex: Pathology and Biology — An Integrated Approach

1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Aspects.- A. The Normal Adrenal Cortex.- 3. Origin and Development of the Adrenal Gland.- 4. Structure of the Adult Adrenal Cortex.- 5. The Effect of Stress on the Structure of the Adrenal Cortex.- 6. Morphological Changes in the Adrenal Cortex with Age.- 7. Iatrogenic Changes.- 8. Functional Activity of the Adrenal Cortex.- 9. Regulation of Growth of the Adrenal Cortex.- 10. Functional Zonation of the Adrenal Cortex.- B. Hypercorticalism.- 11. General Incidence and Pathological Changes.- 12. Cushing’s Syndrome.- 13. The Adrenogenital Syndrome and Related Conditions.- 14. The Distinction Between Benign and Malignant Adrenocortical Tumours Causing Cushing’s and/or the Adrenogenital Syndromes: Structural and Functional Criteria.- 15. Hyperaldosteronism and Related Syndromes of Mineralocorticoid Excess.- 16. ‘Non-functioning’ (Non-hormonal) Adrenocortical Tumours.- C. Hypocorticalism.- 17. Acute Acquired Adrenoprivic Hypocorticalism.- 18. Chronic Acquired Adrenoprivic Hypocorticalism (Addison’s Disease).- 19. Congenital Adrenoprivic Hypocorticalism.- 20. Tropoprivic Hypocorticalism.- D. Other Pathological Changes.- 21. Haemorrhage and Necrosis.- 22. Congenital Defects of Adrenal Development.- 23. Myelolipoma and Related Changes.- 24. Cysts.- 25. Miscellaneous Changes.- Appendix A. Plasma Steroids.- Appendix B. Urinary Steroids.- References.