International media attention has been drawn to the new museums under construction in some of the Arabian Peninsula states, in China, and other emerging economies, such as Azerbaijan and India. As renderings of spectacular buildings circulate with the press releases announcing new projects by 'starchitects' such as Jean Nouvel, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid and Norman Foster+Associates, these museums represent a new dynamic in the production of cultural spaces. Providing, for the first time, a visual documentation of the development of these museums, the book offers a sustained architectural critique of the style of architecture that these museums represent. Examining some of these museums in China and the Arabian Peninsula, this book shows how they are less connected to local or regional cultural production than to globalized capitalist modernity. The book then contrasts this globalised aesthetic with the architecture of smaller museums that responds to regional vernacular architecture, traditional materials and construction methods of China and the Arabian Gulf. These projects are far less well known, but no less striking in their thoughtful and richly contextualised architectural approach, and revealing of a nuanced interpretation of the role and function of contemporary museums. By setting out the social, cultural, political and economic context for the current developments in these emerging economies, and briefly covering the history of museum architecture, the book examines the reasons for the investment in spectacular museums and the global architectural aesthetic and what the future holds for these buildings as institutions and in terms of social, cultural and architectural impact.