Technology licensing is an important element of conduct in many industries and has attracted a fair amount of attention in recent years. While vertical industrial structure is quite common, the literature on technology licensing has not paid much attention to this aspect. Considering fixed-fee licensing, the authors show that upstream and downstream markets play important roles for a profitable licensing. The authors of this book also analyse the Technology Transfer (TT) challenges within the new climate regime, in terms of the process of innovation into an existing energy system, the related barriers and the supporting diffusion mechanisms, with the emphasis laid on the emerging opportunities within the new climate regime. Successful practices are also presented and discussed by both the developed and the developing countries in this respect. Also investigated in this book is the potential of transferring and implementing sustainable energy technologies through the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in Chile, China, Israel, Kenya and Thailand. Moreover, the available literature Geographical Indications (GIs) are surveyed and related geographical origin systems with particular emphasis on international markets. The authors also examine the matter of intellectual property (IP) and how it bears on the two economic sectors. Consideration is given to the role of patents, trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights and their relative value as strategic tools in the current competitive environment.