This volume covers variety of aspects related to nanotechnology: synthesis, characterization, modelling, and few practical applications. Synthetic methods summarized in this volume are: iodine transport (Bogdanov), laser ablation (Davydov), wet chemistry methods (Alexandrova, Maximov). Electrochemical methods are the technology of choice to develop oxide structures (Levine), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was utilized as an electrochemical characterization method while impedance spectroscopy as a dielectric characterization method was applied by Zviagin. Oxides were also extensively studied by Maximov and Ezhovsky. Efforts in modelling by computer simulation were performed for dendronized polymers by Mikhailov and Darinsky and lizine dendrimers by Neelov. Star brushed structures were analyzed by a simple direct walk model by Polotsky. Quantum phenomena is always a focus in studies of smart nano-objects. Emphasis on this is presented by Meleshenko. Traditionally, medical applications have been the driving force for research in nanocomposites. Cancer-treating effects of some transition metal Shiff bases were reported by Yussef.