A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator in which the magnetic field and the electric field are carefully synchronised with the travelling particle beam. In this book, the authors discuss the design, properties and applications of synchrotrons. Topics include synchrotron radiation as a tool to study fragmentation of chlorine containing molecules; undulator radiation in multiple magnetic fields; molecular clustering and molecular imaging to study biomoleculars and biopolymers in heterogeneous biological tissues; nanoscale diffusion and solid state reaction in layered structures; in-situ real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering; and synchrotron-based fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.