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Synchronizing 5g Mobile Networks de Dennis Hagarty

Synchronizing 5g Mobile Networks

Autor Dennis Hagarty, Shahid Ajmeri, Anshul Tanwar
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 18 iun 2021

Subliniem utilitatea imediată a acestei lucrări prin analiza modului în care standardul G.8275.1 (PTP profile) este aplicat pentru a asigura alinierea fazei în celulele 5G, un exercițiu critic pentru evitarea interferențelor în spectrul TDD. În Synchronizing 5g Mobile Networks, autorii, experți în cadrul Cisco, depășesc bariera teoretică și oferă configurații concrete pentru arhitecții de rețea care trebuie să livreze latențe ultra-scăzute. Notăm cu interes modul în care sunt tratate standardele Synchronous Ethernet (G.8262.1) și Time Sensitive Networking (IEEE 802.1CM), elemente esențiale pentru transportul sincronizat în infrastructurile convergente. Ca și JL Ferrant în Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms, autorii distilează experiența reală în principii acționabile, însă cu un focus distinct pe ecosistemul 5G și specificațiile uRLLC. Structura cărții este riguros logică, pornind de la fundamentele fizice ale timpului și stabilității oscilatoarelor, avansând rapid către topologii complexe de rețea. Cuprinsul relevă o progresie tehnică de la sursele de sincronizare (GPS/GNSS) până la metodologii de testare și operațiuni de management (O&M), oferind soluții pentru migrarea de la rețelele legacy la cele pur IP. Spre deosebire de Syed Hassan în A Network Architect's Guide to 5g, care abordează transportul 5G în sens larg, lucrarea de față se concentrează chirurgical pe stratul de sincronizare, fără de care funcționalități precum Carrier Aggregation sau Massive MIMO ar fi imposibil de implementat.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780136836254
ISBN-10: 0136836259
Pagini: 736
Dimensiuni: 186 x 231 x 39 mm
Greutate: 1.24 kg
Editura: Pearson Education

De ce să citești această carte

Această lucrare se adresează inginerilor de sistem și arhitecților de rețea care proiectează infrastructuri 5G. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere profundă a modului în care se implementează protocoalele PTP și SyncE în scenarii reale de producție. Este resursa esențială pentru a asigura stabilitatea rețelei și pentru a îndeplini standardele stricte de performanță cerute de comunicațiile cu latență redusă.

Despre autor

Dennis Hagarty, Shahid Ajmeri și Anshul Tanwar sunt experți de top în tehnologii de rețele mobile în cadrul Cisco Systems. Cu o experiență vastă în implementarea infrastructurilor de telecomunicații la nivel global, aceștia au contribuit direct la dezvoltarea și optimizarea soluțiilor de sincronizare pentru operatorii de rang 1. Expertiza lor combinată acoperă întregul spectru al comunicațiilor wireless și al rețelelor IP, fiind recunoscuți pentru capacitatea de a traduce standardele complexe ITU-T și IEEE în ghiduri practice de implementare pentru era 5G.

Descriere scurtă

Failure to properly design, implement, and manage it can dramatically reduce mobile network efficiency, reliability and capacity. In 5G environments, time synchronization is even more important to mobile network service providers, and it's also increasingly important to a wide array of emerging applications, from finance to IoT to media. Today's stringent clock accuracy and precision requirements demand deep knowledge and understanding of synchronization protocols, their behavior, and deployment requirements. In Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks, three leading Cisco mobile networking technology experts thoroughly address the implementation and characterization of several synchronization standards, presenting practical deployment methods, realistic case studies, and well-tested design best practices. They help engineers and network architects understand the definitions captured in today's synchronization standards and apply them to design deployable solutions. The authors provide in-depth discussions of key synchronization protocols and profiles including: Synchronous Ethernet standards (G.8262, G.8262.1), 1588v2 Telecom profiles, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) profiles (G.8275.1, G.8275.2), PTP performance profile (G.8273.2), Time sensitive networking (IEEE 802.1CM), GPS or GNSS or PRTC requirements as part of G.8272.x, and security requirements for synchronization protocols. They evaluate the design principle of each profile and performance standard, explains its application in 5G Mobility and Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and help you choose right profiles or protocols for your environment. Detail sections cover network design and migration guidelines, test methodologies and operations and management practices, to help you successfully deploy time synchronization over converged IP networks.

Notă biografică

Dennis Hagarty is an experienced technical specialist in the fields of information technology and telecommunications. He has led presales, consulting, and engineering efforts for major utilities, corporations, and service providers in Australasia and Europe. Having worked in numerous technical areas, Dennis has concentrated on the mobile space for almost 30 years and has specialized in timing and synchronization for the last 12 years. In his current role, Dennis is the Cisco communications interface between engineering, field sales teams, and the global Cisco customer community for all matters related to 5G timing and synchronization. This mandate sees him talking with many large service providers, including most of the worlds tier 1 mobile operators.
Shahid Ajmeri is a senior product manager at Cisco with responsibility for leading its 5G transport and mobile edge architecture strategy. He has more than 20 years of experience in the service provider industry, focusing on various technologies ranging from 3G/4G to 5G mobile networks, mobile edge computing, telco data center, service provider security, time synchronization, and end-to-end network design. Shahid has been instrumental in driving network transformation projects and architecting next-generation networks for customers across the globe. He currently works across disciplines, bringing together engineering, standards development organizations, and customers to develop and translate product requirements from industry and standard-setting bodies to the market.
Anshul Tanwar is a principal engineer at Cisco Systems, where he is known as a technologist with a combination of R&D expertise and business sensibility. During his tenure of more than 20 years at Cisco, Anshul has architected many routing and switching products used by large tier 1 mobile and Metro Ethernet service providers across the world. He has led the SyncE and PTP architecture definition and implementation for multiple access and pre-aggregation routers in Cisco. In his most recent role, Anshul was responsible for defining the deployment architecture of phase timing synchronization for one of the worlds largest service provider LTE/LTE-A networks. He is also a co-inventor on three patents, including one covering synchronization.

Cuprins

Foreword xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part I Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing
Chapter 1 Introduction to Synchronization and Timing 1
Overview of Time Synchronization 1
What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed? 3
What Is Time? 10
How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization? 13
Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability 15
Summary 16
References in This Chapter 16
Chapter 1 Acronyms Key 16
Further Reading 17
Chapter 2 Usage of Synchronization and Timing 19
Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications 20
Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise 28
Industrial Uses of TimePower Industry 33
Summary 34
References in This Chapter 34
Chapter 2 Acronyms Key 35
Chapter 3 Synchronization and Timing Concepts 39
Synchronous Networks Overview 40
Clocks 54
Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time 66
Timing Distribution Network 82
Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application) 88
Summary 89
References in This Chapter 89
Chapter 3 Acronyms Key 92
Further Reading 95
Part II SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols
Chapter 4 Standards Development Organizations 97
International Telecommunication Union 98
International Mobile Telecommunications 104
3rd Generation Partnership Project 106
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 109
European Telecommunications Standards Institute 116
Internet Engineering Task Force 118
Radio Access Network 120
MEF Forum 126
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society 127
Summary 128
References in This Chapter 129
Chapter 4 Acronyms Key 132
Further Reading 137
Chapter 5 Clocks, Time Error, and Noise 139
Clocks 139
Time Error 154
Holdover Performance 169
Transient Response 172
Measuring Time Error 173
References in This Chapter 175
Chapter 5 Acronyms Key 175
Further Reading 177
Chapter 6 Physical Frequency Synchronization 179
Evolution of Frequency Synchronization 180
BITS and SSU 181
Clocking Hierarchy 185
Synchronous Ethernet 187
Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet 189
Clock Traceability 189
Synchronization Network Chain 197
Clock Selection Process 199
Timing Loops 201
Standardization 207
Summary 207
References in This Chapter 208
Chapter 6 Acronyms Key 209
Further Reading 211
Chapter 7 Precision Time Protocol 213
History and Overview of PTP 214
PTP Versus NTP 215
IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) 216
PTP Clocks 242
Profiles 250
PTP Security 273
IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) 275
Summary 280
References in This Chapter 280
Chapter 7 Acronyms Key 283
Part III Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations
Chapter 8 ITU-T Timing Recommendations 289
Overview of the ITU 290
ITU-T Study Group 15 and Question 13 291
Reading the Recommendations 299
ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations 299
ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks 310
ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations 316
Possible Future Changes in Recommendations 340
Summary 341
References in This Chapter 341
Chapter 8 Acronyms Key 342
Further Reading 346
Chapter 9 PTP Deployment Considerations 347
Deployment and Usage 348
Factors Impacting Timing Performance 380
Parameters for Timing Performance 383
Clock Performance 401
Budgeting End-to-End Time Error 419
Network Holdover 422
Packet Network Topologies 424
Packet Transport 426
Non-Mobile Deployments 430
Summary 434
References in This Chapter 435
Chapter 9 Acronyms Key 437
Further Reading 442
Part IV Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing
Chapter 10 Mobile Timing Requirements 443
Evolution of Cellular Networks 444
Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks 448
Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A 455
Evolution of the 5G Architecture 478
5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements 496
Summary 509
References in This Chapter 510
Chapter 10 Acronyms Key 512
Further Reading 517
Chapter 11 5G Timing Solutions 519
Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing 520
Frequency-Only Deployments 535
Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options 538
Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing 550
Timing Security and MACsec 556
Summary 564
References in This Chapter 565
Chapter 11 Acronyms Key 567
Further Reading 571
Chapter 12 Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions 573
Hardware and Software Solution Requirements 574
Writing a Request for Proposal 587
Testing Timing 590
Automation and Assurance 629
Troubleshooting and Field Testing 635
Summary 648
Conclusion 649
References in This Chapter 649
Chapter 12 Acronyms Key 653
Further Reading 658
9780136836254, TOC, 5/3/2021