Sustainable Waste Valorization
Editat de Khaled Benis, Sonil Nandaen Limba Engleză Hardback – 7 oct 2026
Convert diverse waste streams into valuable products and resources
The complexity of waste streams presents significant challenges for resource recovery and circular economy implementation. Sustainable Waste Valorization addresses these challenges through six structured modules covering biomass, municipal solid waste, industrial and hazardous waste, food waste, plastics, and polymer waste. Authored by Khaled Zoroufchi Benis and Sonil Nanda, both researchers at Dalhousie University specializing in circular process engineering and waste-to-resource conversion, this reference delivers technical depth across each waste category.
Each chapter examines biochemical, thermochemical, and mechanical transformation methods while detailing both environmental and economic impacts. Sustainable Waste Valorization covers recovery of biomaterials, metals, biofuels, and nanomaterials from diverse waste streams. The modular structure allows practitioners to focus on specific waste types and their unique processing challenges, from municipal solid waste logistics to hazardous industrial waste handling and treatment protocols, the recovery of valuable components and metals from e-waste, and embedding circularity in cellular agriculture.
Readers will also find:
- Detailed technical approaches for valorizing biomass, food waste, plastics, and polymer waste into recoverable resources and secondary products
- Analysis of municipal solid waste processing challenges alongside industrial and hazardous waste treatment methods and their environmental impacts
- Coverage of resource recovery pathways for biomaterials, metals, biofuels, and nanomaterials derived from multiple waste stream categories
- Circular economy frameworks connecting waste valorization technologies to broader resource management and sustainability objectives across industries
- Evaluation of environmental and economic impacts for each waste transformation method, supporting informed technology selection and process design
Sustainable Waste Valorization serves process engineers, chemical engineers, power engineers, bioengineers, and industrial chemists working in waste processing and resource recovery. By organizing content around specific waste types and their transformation pathways, the book enables practitioners to identify applicable technologies and evaluate their viability for targeted waste-to-resource applications.
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Specificații
Notă biografică
Khaled Zoroufchi Benis is an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Dalhousie University and Director of the Circular Process Engineering Lab. His research focuses on developing circular economy frameworks that integrate chemical engineering solutions to address global challenges in waste emissions and environmental degradation. He leads active research in waste management, resource recovery, and environmental sustainability.
Sonil Nanda, PhD, is an Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair in the Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture at Dalhousie University. Previously Director of Research and Development at Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, he holds a PhD in Biology from York University and specializes in waste-to-resource conversion technologies.
Cuprins
About the Editors xix
Preface xxiii
1 Agricultural Waste as a Feedstock for Bioenergy 1
Abdullah Al Ragib, Mehedi Hasan, Ronak Shahbandinejad, Janusz Kozinski, Sudip K. Rakshit, and Kang Kang
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Types, Sources, and Availability of Agricultural Wastes 3
1.3 Characteristics of Agricultural Waste Relevant to Bioenergy 7
1.4 Environmental and Sustainability Benefits 13
1.5 Current Applications in Bioenergy Production 14
1.6 Challenges and Limitations 18
1.7 Policy, Regulation, and Incentives 20
1.8 Future Prospects and Research Directions 22
1.9 Conclusion 23
2 Livestock Manure as a Resource: Bioenergy, Fertilizer Production, and Circular Agriculture 31
Koushika Kumaresan, Adithya Appus, Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad, and Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Manure Characteristics and Composition 35
2.3 Valorization Pathways and Applications of Valorized Products 38
2.4 Environmental and Economic Assessment 44Contents vii
2.5 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 47
3 Sustainable Solid Biofuels from Agro-waste: Processes and Opportunities 55
Samudrika Aththanayaka and Yulin Hu
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Agricultural Waste in Solid Biofuel Production 60
3.3 Types of Agro-waste-derived Biofuels and Their Properties 62
3.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Solid Biofuels 64
3.5 Advantages of Biofuel Production from Agricultural Waste 65
3.6 Future Perspectives 66
3.7 Conclusion 67
4 Thermochemical Valorization of Biomass: Pyrolysis and Gasification 71
Ibrahim Koc and Cumali Keskin
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Thermochemical Conversion Technologies 74
4.3 Process Parameters 78
4.4 Reactor Configuration 82
4.5 Product Utilization and Production of Biochar, Bio-oil, and Syngas 84
4.6 Conclusion and Recommendations 87
5 Catalytic Pathways for Organic Waste-to-biofuel Conversion 97
Gourav Kumar Rath and Ajay K. Dalai
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Literature Review 99
5.3 Discussion 112
5.4 Future Opportunities 113
5.5 Conclusions 114
6 Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste for Biogas, Hydrogen, and Liquid By-products 121
Ali Behnami, Ali Salimifard, Mahnoush Malekzadeh, Ali Abdolahnejad, and Mitra Gholami
6.1 Introduction 121
6.2 Fundamentals of AD 122
6.3 Feedstocks for Anaerobic Digestion 127
6.4 Process Configurations and Reactor Designs 129
6.5 Biogas Production 130
6.6 Bio-Hydrogen Production via Anaerobic Digestion 132
6.7 Liquid By-products 133
6.8 Operational Parameters 134
6.9 Future Perspectives on AD Systems 135
6.10 Conclusions 135
7 Composting and Vermicomposting of Food Waste 145
Solmaz Gholami, Negar Jafari, and Ali Abdolahnejad
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 Composting 148
7.3 Vermicomposting 148
7.4 Integration of Composting-vermicomposting Process 149
7.5 Aeration Systems in Composting 150
7.6 Vermicomposting Systems 152
7.7 Applications and Limitations of Composting and Vermicomposting Technologies 152
7.8 Limitations of Composting and Vermicomposting 153
7.9 Challenges and Opportunities in Composting 153
7.10 Recent Advancements in Composting and Vermicomposting Key Innovations 153
7.11 Emerging Devices and Promising Areas for Technique Development 154
7.12 Innovations in Composting and Vermicomposting 154
7.13 Types and Origins of Substances Added During Organic Waste Treatment 155
7.14 The Role of Earthworms in Improving Composting 156
7.15 Technological Development for Small-scale Composting 157
7.16 Large-scale Composting and Vermicomposting 158
7.17 Rotary Drum Composting 158
7.18 Influence of Additives on Gas Emissions During Composting 158
7.19 Quality of Co-compost for Use as Potting Media or Soil Amendments 159
7.20 Environmental Impact of Composting and Vermicomposting Processes 159
7.21 Economic Analysis of Composting and Vermicomposting Processes 160
7.22 GHG Emissions During Waste Stabilization by Composting and Vermicomposting Processes 160
7.23 Modeling and Optimization of Composting Technology 162
7.24 Economic Evaluation and Business Models of Composting 162
7.25 Global Compost Quality Assessment 163
7.26 Conclusion and Future Prospects 164
8 Food Waste to Energy: Biogas, Bioethanol, and Beyond 169
Zahra Sabeti
8.1 Introduction 169
8.2 Feedstock Characteristics and Pretreatment Needs 171
8.3 Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Generation 178
8.4 Bioethanol Production via Fermentation 185
8.5 Emerging and Hybrid Technologies 191
8.6 Integrating HTC with Other Approaches 193
8.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 195
9 High-value Products from Food Waste: Proteins, Enzymes, and Nutrients 201
Hasan Pasalari, Behnaz Abdollahinejad, Seyed Nosratolah Taghavi, and Mahdi Farzadkia
9.1 Introduction 201
9.2 Garbage Enzyme Production 202
9.3 GE Application in Environmental Matrices 203
9.4 Research Opportunity 206
9.5 Conclusion 206
10 Landfill Gas Recovery: Turning Waste into Energy 211
Mojtaba Pourakbar, Ehsan Aghayani, and Mohammad Ghanbari
10.1 Introduction 211
10.2 Impacts of Landfill Gas on the Environment 212
10.3 Composition and Formation of Landfill Gas 213
10.4 Factors Influencing LFG Generation 217
10.5 LFG Collection and Recovery Systems 219
10.6 Active Collection Systems 220
10.7 Increasing the LFG Generation 222
10.8 Technologies for Landfill Gas Utilization 226
10.9 Global LFG Generation Experiences 227
10.10 Conclusion 227
11 Applications of Machine Learning in Municipal Solid Waste Management 233
Hakimeh Teiri, Yaghoub Hajizadeh, and Mohammad ShakerKhatibi
11.1 Introduction 233
11.2 Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management 234
11.3 Fundamentals of Machine Learning 236
11.4 Data in Waste Management 239
11.5 Applications of Machine Learning in MSWM 242
11.6 Case Studies and Practical Implementations 249
11.7 Challenges and Limitations 252Contents xv
11.8 Future Prospects and Research Direction 253
11.9 Conclusion 254
12 Computational Modeling for Sustainable Combustion and Valorization of Solid Waste and Biomass 259
Mohammed Khalid Hossen and Mohammad Saeedi
12.1 Introduction 259
12.2 Thermochemical Conversion Pathways: Physical and Modeling Implications 262
12.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics Fundamentals 264
12.4 Case Studies and Practical Applications 273
12.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges 276
12.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 277
13 Valorization of Wastewater Treatment Plant Residues 283
Amin Sokhansanj and Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
13.1 Introduction 283
13.2 Composition and Characteristics of Sewage Sludge 286
13.3 Applications of Sewage Sludge 287
13.4 Environmental, Economic, and Policy Considerations 295
13.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives 296
13.6 Conclusion 297
14 Water Treatment Residual Valorization 307
Seid Amir Hosein Seid Shazileh and Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
14.1 Introduction 307
14.2 Characterization of WTRs 308
14.3 WTR-Based Adsorbents 310
14.4 Construction 319
14.5 Conclusion 319
15 Waste-derived Adsorbents for Environmental Remediation Materials and Methods 325
Hamideh Sarreshtehdar Aslaheh, Ahmad Poursattar Marjani, and Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
15.1 Introduction 325
15.2 Types of Waste-derived Adsorbents 325
15.3 Municipal Solid Waste-derived Adsorbents 327
15.4 Preparation and Modification Methods 328Contents xvii
15.5 Adsorption Mechanisms 330
15.6 Applications in Environmental Remediation 330
15.7 Adsorbent Surface Chemistry and Functionalization 331
15.8 Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of Waste-derived Adsorbents 332
15.9 Hybrid Waste-derived Adsorbent Systems 333
15.10 Regulatory Frameworks and Standards for Waste-derived Adsorbents 333
15.11 Social Acceptance and Stakeholder Engagement 334
15.12 Emerging Contaminants and Advanced Applications 335
15.13 Computational Modeling and Machine Learning in Adsorbent Design 335
15.14 Regeneration and Reusability of Waste-derived Adsorbents 336
15.15 Scale-up and Industrial Applications 336
15.16 Environmental and Health Risk Assessment 337
15.17 Future Perspectives and Emerging Trends 337
15.18 Conclusion 337
16 From Cells to Systems: Embedding Circularity in Cellular Agriculture 343
Ghazaleh Afrahi, Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad, and Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
16.1 Introduction 343
16.2 Defining and Contextualizing Cellular Agriculture 344
16.3 Historical Context and Current Landscape 345
16.4 Scientific Principles of Cellular Agriculture 347
16.5 Environmental and Ethical Impacts 348
16.6 Economic and Regulatory Landscape 350
16.7 Waste Management and Circular Pathways 351
16.8 Future Directions 355
16.9 Conclusion 356
17 E-waste: Recovery of Metals and Valuable Components 361
Mojtaba Yeganeh, Sevda Fallah, Ali Esrafili, and Hamid Reza Sobhi
17.1 Introduction 361
17.2 E-waste Recycling Processes 362
17.3 Plastic Recycling 364
17.4 Glass Recycling 367
17.5 Recovery of Metals from E-waste 368
17.6 Benefits and Challenges of E-waste Recycling 377
References 378
Index 387