Academic and industrial interest in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has grown over the past decade. This book discusses SERS enhancement from plasmonic and possibly non-plasmonic enhancing surfaces; applications in biological studies, including immunoassays and ultrasensitive biomolecular detection; single molecule detection; tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS); and analytical applications. This Faraday Discussion introduces emerging areas and explores the diverse range of approaches and disciplines contributing to the growth and understanding of this optical phenomenon.