Measuring electrophysiologic signals provides data required in diagnosing different medical conditions. Some disorders (e.g. narcolepsy) require real-time long-term recording and processing of the brain activity. Usually, electroencephalography is conducted using wet gel electrodes which limit the recording period to the time it takes the gel to dehydrate. Improvements in the electrode recording technique will enhance the system performance in terms of the signal quality, recording duration as well as patient comfort. This book presents design procedure and optimization methodology for micro-spike array dry EEG electrodes. The proposed design technique meets design specifications for portable long-term EEG recording. The design procedure also includes fabrication recipe, characterization techniques and modeling methods for the electrodes proposed.