Strontium (Sr) is one of the most extensively investigated alkaline earth metals and has received much attention for biomedical applications since strontium ranelate was marked as a new orally administered agent for the treatment of women with post-menopausal osteoporosis that reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. In this book, the chemical properties, applications and health effects of strontium are discussed. Topics include the use of strontium in assessing the age of geological materials; the physical, chemical and biological roles of strontium in bone regeneration materials; mammalian oocyte activation with strontium chloride for parthenogenesis, somatic cell nuclear transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection; concentration distribution of emerging pollutant strontium in food and environmental samples; and lanthanum strontium manganites for application as cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells.