With the increased importance of hospital administration and continuous emergence of new infectious pathogens, particular attention should be paid to avoid iatrogenic diseases by minimising the contamination of medical instruments with infectious pathogens and toxins. It is well known that one of the most effective ways to prevent hospital-acquired infection is to implement a sterilisation and disinfection system that includes physical and chemical inactivation methods. This book presents information on the current status and future perspectives of a state-of-art physical technique, gas plasma sterilisation.