The sol-gel process, also known as chemical solution deposition, is a wet-chemical technique widely used in the fields of materials science and ceramic engineering. Such methods are used primarily for the fabrication of materials (typically a metal oxide) starting from a chemical solution which acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. This book presents current research from around the globe in the study of the sol-gel process, including sol-gel based materials for biomedical applications; methods for prevention, diagnosis and treatment achieved with the aid of sol-gel chemistry; protein sol-gel encapsulation with polymer additives; the application of a sol-gel based nanostructured ceramic membrane for hydrogen separation for CO2 capture purposes; and sol-gel titania.