In the search for a broader understanding of what Social Security is, this work aims to expose the emergence of the Brazilian Social Security. During the development of the research, we analyze the emergence of the first support systems created by mankind, as an instinct of survival and adaptation, influenced by the very human need for evolution. We observe that this system, since its emergence until the Constituent Assembly of 1988, has undergone several transformations influenced by political, economic and social factors that enabled its popularization, resulting in the expansion of the range of support, now counting with several benefits and forms of support provided by social security.