This comprehensive volume presents the fundamental principles and cutting-edge applications of advanced radiation imaging technologies, exploring their integration with emerging technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence to deliver robust security solutions across diverse organizational contexts. The book emphasizes how innovative nuclear science and technology can be harnessed to safeguard public safety and security. Authored by Professor Zhiqiang Chen, Chief Researcher in the Department of Engineering Physics at Tsinghua University, this work draws upon his extensive experience in pioneering academic research, technology development, and commercialization. Professor Chen currently serves as Vice-President of the Chinese Society for Stereology, Vice-President of the China Isotope & Radiation Association, and as the Chief Science Communication Expert in National Public Security Inspection and Non-Destructive Testing for the China Association for Science and Technology. This authoritative text serves as an essential reference for researchers in radiation imaging, government agencies, security professionals, and industry practitioners. Readers will gain insights into how these advanced technologies enhance security screening efficiency while facilitating the smooth flow of travel and trade.