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Seeing Like a Rover: How Robots, Teams, and Images Craft Knowledge of Mars de Janet Vertesi

Seeing Like a Rover: How Robots, Teams, and Images Craft Knowledge of Mars

Autor Janet Vertesi
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 22 apr 2015

Janet Vertesi, profesor la Princeton University, își folosește experiența vastă în cercetarea echipelor robotice de la NASA pentru a deconstrui modul în care producem cunoaștere despre spațiul cosmic. Spre deosebire de alte lucrări care se concentrează strict pe performanța tehnică a vehiculelor, autoarea pune sub lupă ecosistemul uman și procesele de negociere colectivă care preced orice comandă transmisă roverelor Spirit și Opportunity. Apreciem modul în care volumul Seeing Like a Rover demonstrează că o imagine a solului marțian nu este doar o înregistrare brută a realității, ci rezultatul unui consens social și al unei procesări digitale complexe.

Această abordare este o continuare naturală a temelor explorate de Janet Vertesi în Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited, unde analiza vizualizarea în știință ca o practică socială, și în Postphenomenology and Imaging. Dacă în lucrările anterioare s-a axat pe rolul general al tehnologiei în interpretarea imaginilor, aici aplică aceste concepte într-un context specific de inginerie aerospațială. Complementar volumului Travels with Curiosity, care oferă o cronică fizică și geologică a misiunilor, Seeing Like a Rover acoperă dimensiunea invizibilă a acestor explorări: modul în care structura echipei influențează direct datele științifice obținute.

Recomandăm această lectură pentru analiza tehnică a modului în care echipa dezvoltă o empatie senzorială cu robotul, „învățând” să vadă prin camerele acestuia. Structura cărții, susținută de peste 80 de ilustrații și planșe color, facilitează înțelegerea procesului de transformare a pixelilor în dovezi științifice incontestabile, oferind o perspectivă rară asupra culiselor misiunilor NASA.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226155968
ISBN-10: 022615596X
Pagini: 304
Ilustrații: 52 color plates, 29 halftones, 4 line drawings
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0.85 kg
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte profesioniștilor din inginerie, științe spațiale și sociologia tehnologiei care doresc să înțeleagă dinamica din spatele explorării planetare. Cititorul va descoperi cum colaborarea umană și procesarea digitală transformă datele brute în cunoaștere științifică. Este o resursă esențială pentru a înțelege că succesul unei misiuni pe Marte depinde la fel de mult de coeziunea echipei de la sol, cât și de hardware-ul trimis în spațiu.

Despre autor

Janet Vertesi este profesor asistent de sociologie la Universitatea Princeton, fiind recunoscută la nivel internațional pentru cercetările sale etnografice asupra echipelor de robotică de la NASA. Expertiza sa se concentrează pe intersecția dintre tehnologie, organizare socială și producția de cunoștințe științifice. Pe parcursul unui deceniu, a studiat modul în care echipele de oameni și roboți colaborează în misiuni spațiale complexe, publicând lucrări de referință despre practicile de vizualizare în știință și influența structurilor sociale asupra rezultatelor cercetării.

Descriere scurtă

In the years since the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and Opportunity first began transmitting images from the surface of Mars, we have become familiar with the harsh, rocky, rusty-red Martian landscape. But those images are much less straightforward than they may seem to a layperson: each one is the result of a complicated set of decisions and processes involving the large team behind the Rovers.

With Seeing Like a Rover, Janet Vertesi takes us behind the scenes to reveal the work that goes into creating our knowledge of Mars. Every photograph that the Rovers take, she shows, must be processed, manipulated, and interpreted—and all that comes after team members negotiate with each other about what they should even be taking photographs of in the first place. Vertesi’s account of the inspiringly successful Rover project reveals science in action, a world where digital processing uncovers scientific truths, where images are used to craft consensus, and where team members develop an uncanny intimacy with the sensory apparatus of a robot that is millions of miles away. Ultimately, Vertesi shows, every image taken by the Mars Rovers is not merely a picture of Mars—it’s a portrait of the whole Rover team, as well.

Notă biografică

Janet Vertesi is assistant professor of sociology at Princeton University.

Recenzii

"Offers fascinating insights into the work that goes on behind the camera, in terms not only of the production of an image, but also of the entire process that surrounds it, from how decisions about which image to take are made, to the calibration of images, colouring, etc. She describes interactions between team members, particularly the differing emphasis placed on images by scientists (who wish to understand Mars) and engineers (who don’t want to place the rovers at risk). The balance between risk and investigation was one that had to be adjusted every day, and the fragments that Vertesi offers of conversations during daily Science Operations Working Group team meetings illustrates the constant trade-off and negotiations necessary to ensure the success of the rover traverses. . . . A most entertaining read."

"Recommended."

"In Seeing Like a Rover, Vertesi tells us little about scientific results - what the rovers saw. Her interest lies elsewhere, in scientific practice - how the rover images were taken, calibrated, manipulated, annotated and debated, and what this tells us about the nature of planetary exploration. Vertesi is an ethnographer embedded in a peculiar world where humans and robots work as equal partners - Margaret Mead among the Starfleet. Seeing Like a Rover examines the structure and sociology of science, using the MER mission as exemplar. Its meticulous observations and commentary will reward those with a serious interest in how science gets done."
 

"Fascinating. . . . Vertesi proposes a way of understanding image-making practices as a kind of teamwork: learning to see like a rover, here, is an embodied, skilled, social achievement. Building on Wittgenstein's notion of seeing as, Vertesi conceptualizes these imaging practices in terms of an analytic framework of drawing as: the Rover scientists 'use digital tools to draw Mars as consisting of different kinds of materials or surfaces, with implications for future viewings and for team relations.' From mapping Mars to robot funerals, it's a wonderful study for readers interested in space exploration, visual studies, sociology, and STS alike!"

"Vertesi's account of the inspiringly successful rover project reveals science in action, a world where digital processing uncovers scientific truths, where images are used to craft consensus, and where team members develop an uncanny intimacy with the sensory apparatus of a robot that is millions of miles away. Ultimately, every image taken by the Mars rovers is not merely a picture of Mars--it's a portrait of the team as a whole."

"Vertesi takes the reader into meetings of the rovers’ Science Operations Working Group, where the project team meets to plan the next day’s activities by the rovers. . . . A fascinating look inside how a mission operates."

"Vertesi take us on a step-by-step journey through the image-making practices that produce those familiar reddish Martian landscapes. The outcome is a well-crafted, highly textured ethnographic account of how the team works with the digital images sent back by Martian rovers.

"Since life on Earth is so hard, the utopian imagination likes to turn to space....In Seeing Like a Rover, Vertesi argues that Mars has already begun to make us better. The book presents itself as an ethnography of the researchers behind Spirit and Opportunity, the NASA rovers launched to Mars in 2003. Focusing on the rovers’ photographic mission, it describes the tremendous feats of collaboration and planning necessary to take pictures 140 million miles away."

"Possessing the sensibilities of an ethnomethodologist of scientific work, Vertesi crafts her narrative without resorting to the specialized language that sometimes obscures ethnomethodology’s accounts. Vertesi tells her story and writes her theory of work in plain English. The result is a first-rate and detailed account of how scientists who work with images of Mars transform those images into credible knowledge. In the space allocated to a book review, I cannot hope to impart the wealth of details that one learns from Vertesi....What I hope I have done is whet your appetite to read an important and interesting new book. Seeing like a Rover will be of considerable interest to sociologists of science, organizational theorists, students of technology, and scholars of work and work practices. It is also an exemplar of what ethnomethodological sensitivities have to offer each of those audiences."

"Vertesi has been embedded with the Mars Exploration Rover team for nearly a decade working to understanding the manner in which modern science and technology is advanced through collaboration, individual initiative, and the power of big questions. Seeing Like a Rover is an outstanding example of what may be accomplished by a talented sociologist asking sweeping questions and analyzing data both mundane and exciting."

"Vertesi has written a compelling account of how the images of Mars secured by the rovers were planned and then transformed into scientific artefacts together with the host of conversations, meetings and decisions that went into these activities."

“Vertesi offers a remarkable account of ‘trained judgment’ in the production of scientific images. In clear prose and with ample illustration, she shows how sophisticated technology is not enough to create scientific meaning; visualizing Mars involves collaboration, expertise, and a human hand calibrating images and interpretation at every stage. SeeingLike a Rover shows how a planet is rendered visible while a technoscientific community is made vibrant, revealing scientific visualization as an energetic form of world making.”

"Janet Vertesi had a front-row seat for the Mars Exploration Rover project, and for the first time she brought a social scientist’s keen eye to the way we operate rovers on Mars. In Seeing like a Rover she doesn’t just describe how we did what we did. She gets inside our heads to describe why we did what we did, offering insights that wouldn’t have occurred to even the mission engineers and scientists ourselves. It’s a fascinating read."

"Part academic ethnography, part exploration science and technology primer, and part just plain fun storytelling, Janet Vertesi’s Seeing like a Rover takes you deep inside the thoughts, hopes, and habits of the men and women who set out to explore the Red Planet through the eyes of a pair of high-tech robotic emissaries. As one of those explorers, I’ve relived many of the highs and lows of remote planetary investigation through her distinctly social, and sociable, lens. Vertesi places what many incorrectly perceive as a purely technological, asocial, non-interactive activity—robotic planetary exploration—squarely in the context of human behavior.  Her analysis is thoughtful, insightful, and timely, and is sure to influence future explorers, human and robotic alike."

“The outstanding contribution of the book is to bring a richness of ethnographic detail—regarding what was clearly an extraordinary scientific project—into generative relation with contemporary theorizing within science and technology studies.  While the premise that the material practices of science are at the same time always also social is by now well established within the field, this book demonstrates the profound and subtle ways in which that holds in this particular case.  In the process, Seeing like a Rover extends and deepens our understanding of scientific practice as the conjoining of humans and nonhumans in relations of mutual transformation.”

"Vertesi’s powerful ethnography and the clarity of her thinking make Seeing Like a Rover a most thought-provoking milestone in the field. It is a thoroughly enjoyable and inspiring read, which shows how powerful sociology can be when it analyzes the production of hard science."