Ruminations: Questions for Contemplation is a textbook to help intermediate to advanced level secondary, university, and adult ESL and EFL students develop written and/or oral fluency. The diverse range of topics, from the silly to the serious, will get students to think deeply about their own interests, values, and beliefs, as well as to help them strike up a dialogue, make small talk, debate heatedly, engage in thoughtful discussion, or simply revel in amusement. In doing so, students will reflect back on the past, examine and interpret what's going on in their lives today, and take a look towards the future. My hope is that by thinking, writing, and talking about the topics that follow, students will learn a lot more about themselves, the people they love and care about, and those they encounter in everyday life - in addition to improving their productive language skills.