Ruminations is a collection of sundry notes and essays on Logic. These complement and enrich the author's past writings, further analyzing or reviewing certain issues. Among the many topics covered are: the importance of the laws of thought, and how they are applied using the logic of paradox; details of formal logic, including some important new insights on the nesting, merger and splitting up of hypothetical propositions; details of causal logic, including analogical reasoning from cause to cause; a cutting-edge phenomenological analysis of negation. Additionally, this volume is used to publish a number of notes and essays previously only posted in the Internet site www.TheLogician.net, including a history of Jewish logic and an analysis of Islamic logic."