Since its discovery in 1998, RNA interference (RNAi) has heralded the advent of novel tools for biological research and drug discovery. This exciting new technology is emerging as a powerful modality for battling some of the most notoriously challenging viral clinical targets, such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, several critical issues associated with this novel technology must be resolved before it can progress to testing in human clinical trials, and these have been the target of intensive research in recent years. In this book, expert RNAi specialists from around the world have teamed up to produce a timely and thought-provoking review of the area. The two central themes are: 1) the latest findings on RNAi-virus interactions and 2) progress in the development of RNAi-based antiviral therapeutics. A number of chapters explain general concepts concerned with the role of RNAi in natural antiviral defense mechanisms. Other chapters discuss how to improve the efficacy and safety of RNAi-based antiviral drugs, as well as describe how this technology is being developed as a new therapeutic tool for fighting specific viruses, including HIV, HCV, and respiratory viruses. The book also outlines potential new avenues for research. RNA Interference and Viruses is essential reading for researchers involved in RNAi or antiviral research and is a recommended text for all virology laboratories.