An effective marksmanship program can be measured by the unit's ability to put effective fire on a target. This chapter provides a proven strategy for establishing and conducting an effective rifle marksmanship training program. The strategy begins with the progressive individual training periods taught during initial entry training (IET) and culminates with advanced rifle marksmanship (ARM) skills. Refresher training is conducted only when necessary. A Soldier's marksmanship proficiency depends on proper training and application of the basic marksmanship fundamentals. During initial marksmanship training, emphasis is placed on learning the firing fundamentals, which are taught in four phases-preliminary marksmanship instruction (PMI), downrange feedback, field firing, and advanced firing exercises. This prepares Soldiers for advanced optic and laser training for combat-type collective exercises and real-world deployments.