The branch of biology which deals with the study of genes, heredity and genetic variations in organisms is termed as genetics. Rice was one of the first sequenced crop genomes because it has relatively small genome size. The genome of rice can be genetically engineered by using various tools and techniques to increase the genetic potential of rice for yield. Genetic engineering can also be used to improve its biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Rice breeding focuses on selecting superior overexpressing alleles of the same gene to enhance the grain quality and increase the grain length. The grain size of rice is a significant target for rice breeding because it affects the yield, appearance and eating quality. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of rice genetics and breeding. It provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of various breeding methods and related fields. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.