Dr. Williams has spent over 50 years in the application and study of Chemistry. By 2005, he had generated over 80 citable publications, as author or coauthor, which covered a very broad scope of scientific research and materials creation. Dr. Williams has studied the interaction of atoms and molecules at the atomic level upwards to the creation of bulk materials. It is Dr. Williams' very broad range of scientific studies that has led him to rethink how atoms are viewed. With his broad background, he has had a chance to gauge how well the current atomic quantum model explains what is happening. He finds that it has basic deficiencies; in spite of being proffered in texts and journals as beyond reproach - the reader is reminded that the current model is still called quantum theory. Dr. Williams has therefore set forth a new model of the atom. His model does not have to declare that macro-physical laws cease at the atomic level; nor does it need to be "hybridized," as does the current model does, in an awkward effort to fit the physicists' model to the observations of the chemists; nor does it place hydrogen in a conspicuously awkward location in the periodic table. This book is a compilation of his thoughts in recent years. As adjuncts to the atom, a simple expression of Avogadro's number is presented. Also, since atoms emit both positive and negative electromagnetic waves, an explanation of gravity, called the BIG Band gravity model, is presented.