Research Methods for Psychological Science
Autor William J. Rayen Limba Engleză Electronic book text – 3 aug 2021
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781544389431
ISBN-10: 1544389434
Pagini: 480
Dimensiuni: 187 x 232 mm
Ediția:1
Editura: SAGE Publications
Colecția Sage Publications, Inc
Locul publicării:Thousand Oaks, United States
ISBN-10: 1544389434
Pagini: 480
Dimensiuni: 187 x 232 mm
Ediția:1
Editura: SAGE Publications
Colecția Sage Publications, Inc
Locul publicării:Thousand Oaks, United States
Cuprins
Preface
About the Author
Introduction
Chapter 1 • What Is Science?
Learning Objectives
Science as a Way of Knowing
The Scientific Approach
Studying Behavior and Experience
Chapter 2 • Introduction to the Methods of Science
Learning Objectives
Naturalistic Observation
The Correlational Approach
The Experimental Method
Logic and Inference: The Detective Work of Science
Scientific Observation: The Raw Data of Science
Chapter 3 • Developing the Hypothesis
Learning Objectives
Making Our Hypotheses Concrete
Making Our Hypotheses Logical
Creating Testable Research Hypotheses and the Problem of Measurement
The Scientist’s Guide to Having an Idea
Tools for Library Research
Chapter 4 • Ethics
Learning Objectives
Ethical Considerations of Psychological Experimentation
Ingredients of the Initial Scientist–Participant Dialogue
The Rights of the Research Participant and the Responsibilities of the Experimenter
Deception Studies
Animals as Subjects
Chapter 5 • Description of Behavior Through Numerical Representation
Learning Objectives
Measurement
Measurement and Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Pictorial and Transforming Numerical Data
Measures of Association
Chapter 6 • Inferential Statistics: Making Statistical Decisions
Learning Objectives
Probability
The Normal Distribution
Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 7 • Testing the Hypothesis: A Conceptual Introduction
Learning Objectives
The Context of Experimentation: An Example
Types of Variation
Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Threats to Internal Validity
Conclusion
Chapter 8 • Control: The Keystone of the Experimental Method
Learning Objectives
Control Achieved Through Participant Assignment and Selection
Randomization
Control Achieved Through Experimental Design
Control as Related to the Logic of Experimentation
Chapter 9 • Applying the Logic of Experimentation: Between-Subjects Designs
Learning Objectives
Between-Subjects Design Terminology
Factorial Design
Factorial Designs: The Logic of Experimentation and the Interaction Effect
Chapter 10 • Extending the Logic of Experimentation: Within-Subjects and Matched-Subjects Approaches
Learning Objectives
Within-Subjects Designs
Mixed Designs
Matched-Subjects Designs
Chapter 11 • The Ecology of the Experiment: The Scientist and Research Participant in Relation to Their Environments
Learning Objectives
Ecology
Experimenter Factors
Subject Factors
Cultural and Social Bias
Chapter 12 • Quasi-Experimental, Correlational, and Naturalistic Observational Designs
Learning Objectives
Doing Research in the Real World: Closed and Open Systems
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Correlational Procedures
Naturalistic Observations
Chapter 13 • Single-Subject Designs
Learning Objectives
History of Single-Subject Designs
Case Study Designs
Experimental Single-Subject Designs
Alternative Types of Single-Subject Research
Chapter 14 • Questionnaires, Survey Research, and Sampling
Learning Objectives
Survey Question Construction and Formats
Methods of Administering a Survey
Sampling
Chapter 15 • Sharing the Results
Learning Objectives
Communication With Other Scientists: The Scientific Article
Publishing Your Article
Chapter 16 • Beyond Method
Learning Objectives
Dimensions of Research
Limitations to Finding Answers
Science as a Complex Human Process
Science as a Means of Transcendence
Glossary
References
About the Author
Introduction
Chapter 1 • What Is Science?
Learning Objectives
Science as a Way of Knowing
The Scientific Approach
Studying Behavior and Experience
Chapter 2 • Introduction to the Methods of Science
Learning Objectives
Naturalistic Observation
The Correlational Approach
The Experimental Method
Logic and Inference: The Detective Work of Science
Scientific Observation: The Raw Data of Science
Chapter 3 • Developing the Hypothesis
Learning Objectives
Making Our Hypotheses Concrete
Making Our Hypotheses Logical
Creating Testable Research Hypotheses and the Problem of Measurement
The Scientist’s Guide to Having an Idea
Tools for Library Research
Chapter 4 • Ethics
Learning Objectives
Ethical Considerations of Psychological Experimentation
Ingredients of the Initial Scientist–Participant Dialogue
The Rights of the Research Participant and the Responsibilities of the Experimenter
Deception Studies
Animals as Subjects
Chapter 5 • Description of Behavior Through Numerical Representation
Learning Objectives
Measurement
Measurement and Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Pictorial and Transforming Numerical Data
Measures of Association
Chapter 6 • Inferential Statistics: Making Statistical Decisions
Learning Objectives
Probability
The Normal Distribution
Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 7 • Testing the Hypothesis: A Conceptual Introduction
Learning Objectives
The Context of Experimentation: An Example
Types of Variation
Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Threats to Internal Validity
Conclusion
Chapter 8 • Control: The Keystone of the Experimental Method
Learning Objectives
Control Achieved Through Participant Assignment and Selection
Randomization
Control Achieved Through Experimental Design
Control as Related to the Logic of Experimentation
Chapter 9 • Applying the Logic of Experimentation: Between-Subjects Designs
Learning Objectives
Between-Subjects Design Terminology
Factorial Design
Factorial Designs: The Logic of Experimentation and the Interaction Effect
Chapter 10 • Extending the Logic of Experimentation: Within-Subjects and Matched-Subjects Approaches
Learning Objectives
Within-Subjects Designs
Mixed Designs
Matched-Subjects Designs
Chapter 11 • The Ecology of the Experiment: The Scientist and Research Participant in Relation to Their Environments
Learning Objectives
Ecology
Experimenter Factors
Subject Factors
Cultural and Social Bias
Chapter 12 • Quasi-Experimental, Correlational, and Naturalistic Observational Designs
Learning Objectives
Doing Research in the Real World: Closed and Open Systems
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Correlational Procedures
Naturalistic Observations
Chapter 13 • Single-Subject Designs
Learning Objectives
History of Single-Subject Designs
Case Study Designs
Experimental Single-Subject Designs
Alternative Types of Single-Subject Research
Chapter 14 • Questionnaires, Survey Research, and Sampling
Learning Objectives
Survey Question Construction and Formats
Methods of Administering a Survey
Sampling
Chapter 15 • Sharing the Results
Learning Objectives
Communication With Other Scientists: The Scientific Article
Publishing Your Article
Chapter 16 • Beyond Method
Learning Objectives
Dimensions of Research
Limitations to Finding Answers
Science as a Complex Human Process
Science as a Means of Transcendence
Glossary
References
Descriere
Presents key topics with an emphasis on experimental research and logic. Students will learn the importance of developing testable hypotheses, how to evaluate new information critically, and the impact of research on ourselves and our society.