This book aims at presenting latest insights about diagnosis, treatment and etiopathogenesis of chronic and acute renal failure. Both acute and chronic renal failures are of significant medical concern and also influence economies of many countries. Topics covered in the book elucidate essential issues of causes, diagnosis and therapeutic achievements of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The book also includes topics which elaborate the psychological conditions of patients undergoing hemodialysis and the cure of diabetic uremics. The book serves the objective of assisting clinicians with special interest in nephrology and generalists encountering nephrological challenges frequently. It also serves as a valuable reference for researchers and students interested in the study of this area.